摘要
为了解不同来源畜禽粪堆肥对土壤及农产品质量的影响,选择一般农户猪粪堆肥(低重金属堆肥)和规模化养殖场猪粪堆肥(高重金属堆肥)在桃园中进行为期3年的培肥田间小区试验,探讨了短期施用不同粪源有机肥对果园土壤肥力及土壤-果实中重金属积累的影响。试验设5个处理,分别为对照(常规化肥)及化肥配施一般农户猪粪堆肥、2倍一般农户猪粪堆肥、规模化养殖场猪粪堆肥和2倍规模化养殖场猪粪堆肥。结果表明:施用堆肥可轻微增加土壤p H,但与对照未达到显著差异;施用堆肥可改善土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾水平,与对照之间的差异随施用年限的增加而增加;在改善全氮、有效磷和速效钾方面,规模化养殖场猪粪堆肥比一般农户猪粪堆肥的效果更明显。试验3年后,施用2种猪粪源堆肥对土壤中Pb、Co、Ni和Hg积累均无明显的影响,但对Cu、Zn、Cd、As产生了不同程度的影响。其中,施用2倍一般农户猪粪堆肥和施用规模化养殖场猪粪堆肥显著增加了土壤中Cu和Zn的积累,施用2倍规模化养殖场猪粪堆肥显著增加了土壤中Cd和As的积累。所有处理的果实(桃子)中重金属均没有超标。但试验结果也表明,施用养殖场猪粪堆肥3年后,果实中Cu、Zn含量显著高于对照处理。研究认为,短期施用猪粪堆肥对果园土壤和果实中重金属污染风险较小。
To understand the effects of livestock and poultry manure-compost on the quality of soil andagricultural products, a three-year field experiment of using pig manure compost from both family farm withlow heavy metal and large-scale farm with high heavy metal to improve soil fertility was conducted. The effectsof short-term application of compost with different manure sources on soil fertility and heavy metalaccumulation in orchard system were discussed. The experiment included five treatments： chemical fertilizers（control）, chemical fertilizer＋ family farm manure compost, chemical fertilizer＋ 2 times of family farm manurecompost, chemical fertilizer＋ large-scale farm manure compost, and chemical fertilizer＋ 2 times of large-scalefarm manure compost. The results showed that composts application could slightly increase p H value of the soil, but no significant difference was found among soils with different treatments. Application of compostscould improve soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, the effectsincreased with application years. The improving effects of large-scale farm manure compost were more obviousthan that of the family farm manure compost. Three-year continuous fertilization for each of the five treatmentshad no significant effects on accumulation Pb, Co, Ni, and Hg in the soil, but it increased accumulation of Cu,Zn, Cd and As in the soil. Among them, application of 2 times of family farm manure compost and large-scalefarm manure compost could improve soil Cu and Zn accumulation, and application of 2 times of large-scalefarm manure compost significantly increased Cd and As accumulation in the soil. All heavy metals in peachesof all treatments did not exceed the quality standards. However, the results also showed that Cu and Zncontents in fruits of large-scale farm manure compost treatment were significantly higher than those of thecontrol. Therefore, short term application of pig manure compost has less risk of heavy metal pollution toorchard
出处
《中国农学通报》
2017年第33期100-106,共7页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目"东南城郊环保型集约化生态高值农业模式研究与示范"(2014BAD14B04)
浙江省农业厅"桐庐县农业‘两区’土壤污染治理试点试验"
关键词
果园
猪粪
土壤质量
农产品安全
orchard
pig manure
soil quality
agricultural product safety
