摘要
[目的]为促进生物炭在旱地农业上的研究及应用。[方法]本研究采用夏玉米(Zea mays L.)大田试验,设置4个处理:1)对照(CK);2)常规施肥(N);3)常规施肥+秸秆炭(5t·hm^(-2))(B1);4)常规施肥+生物炭(10t·hm^(-2))(B2),以探究不同用量生物炭对山西雨养旱地土壤肥力与酶活性的影响。[结果]生物炭显著提高了有机碳、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾的养分含量及蔗糖酶、脲酶的活性,且土壤有机碳及速效养分含量随着生物炭用量的增加而增加。与对照相比,生物炭处理(B1、B2)分别显著提高山西雨养旱地土壤有机碳、速效氮、速效磷与速效钾含量52.76%~105.52%、37.79%~75.54%、76.10%~122.67%、40.27%~82.55%。与对照相比,生物炭处理(B1、B2)分别提高了蔗糖酶和脲酶活性56.72%~90.96%、170.59%~182.35%。对于蔗糖酶活性而言,B2提高效果更显著,但对于脲酶活性,B1和B2处理间无显著差异。与对照相比,虽然生物炭处理(B1、B2)分别提高过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶活性2.83%~4.25%和45.10%~50.98%,但这两种酶活性与对照差异并不显著。添加生物炭后夏玉米株高、叶长有一定增加的趋势,百粒重在5t·hm^(-2)生物炭用量时显著增加了14.82%,茎粗和叶宽在10t·hm^(-2)生物炭用量时分别显著增加了21.81%、34.04%。[结论]总的来说,生物炭对旱地土壤肥力、酶活性及作物生长有一定的积极作用。
[Objective]This paper aimed to promote the research and utilization of biochar in rain-fed dry land.[Methods]A field experiment was carried out to study the effects of biochar on soil nutrients and enzyme activities.Four treatments were set：control（CK）,urea（N）,urea plus 5 t·hm^-2 biochar（B1）and urea plus 10 t·hm^-2 biochar（B2）.[Result]Compared to CK,biochar application（B1、B2）significantly enhanced the contents of organic carbon,soil available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium by 37.79% -75.54%,76.10% -122.67% and40.27%-82.55%,respectively.Furthermore,above soil nutrient contents increased as the biochar application increased.Compared to CK,sucrase and urease activitivies were improved by 56.72% -90.96% and 182.35% -170.59% with biochar amendment（B1、B2）.In addition,the sucrase activity was improved significantly under B2 treatment,while the urease activity did not show significant difference between B1 and B2 treatment.While biochar had no significant effect on catalase and alkaline phosphatase activityies,the catalase and alkaline phosphatase activities with biochar amendment were improved by 56.72%-90.96%and 45.10%-50.98%,compared to CK,respectively.Plant height and leaf length increased with the higher biochar content,100-grain weight were achieved significant difference when the content of 5 t·hm^-2 compared with CK,stem diameter and leaf width were achieved significant difference when the content of 10 t·hm^-2.[Conclusion]In general,biochar plays an active role on soil fertility,enzymeactivities and maize growth in dry land.
出处
《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
2017年第12期884-889,共6页
Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(41401342)
山西农业大学博士科研启动基金(2013YJ25)
关键词
生物炭用量
雨养旱地
土壤养分
酶活性
Biochar application rate, Rain-fed dry land, Nutrient, Enzyme activities
