摘要
感恩具有良好的生理和社会适应性功能,是个体应当具备的积极品质,会对个体的公平分配行为产生重要影响。本研究通过设置受恩情境考察感恩对中班幼儿资源分配行为的影响,结果表明感恩能够显著影响中班幼儿的资源分配行为,受恩组幼儿比未受恩组幼儿表现出更多的公平分配行为;不论资源是否充足,受恩组幼儿分配给自己、施恩者和资源匮乏陌生人的资源数量基本持平,整体倾向于公平分配;超过1/4的受恩组幼儿在分配依据中体现出感恩意识。在幼儿公平分配行为的培养过程中,应尊重幼儿的感受和合理需要,充分运用同伴资源,培养幼儿的感恩品质,并适当强化其同情和移情行为。
Gratitude is a precious positive quality of human beings, which has good physiological and social adaptability. Previous studies have shown that gratitude is closely related to prosocial behavior and it can initiate fair distribution behavior of university students and primary school pupils. However, it is unclear whether gratitude germinates in the preschool period and how it affects the resource distribution behavior of preschoolers. Therefore, preschoolers＇ distribution behaviors are explored under the favor-given situation. In experiment 1, a mixed design was adopted with 2 （Situation： the favor-given group vs. control group）~2（Resource： sufficient vs. scarce）. Experiment 2 was a single within-subject design and the independent variable consists of two levels （Resource： sufficient vs. scarce ）. The results showed as follows. Firstly, gratitude significantly influenced the distribution behaviors of the preschoolers. The favor-given children are fairer than the control .group. Secondly, all children showed some level of fair distribution behavior in single and all tasks. Thirdly, regardless of the sufficient or scarce resource, the numbers of resource are equally distributed by the children among themselves, donors and the strangers. Lastly, the consciousness of gratitude can be found more than 1/4 proportion of the favor-given children in their distribution cause. Therefore, during the process of fostering children＇s fair distribution behavior, we should attach great importance to the cultivation of children＇s gratitude, respect their feelings and reasonable needs, make full use of their peer resources, and appropriately strengthen their sympathy and empathy behaviors.
出处
《学前教育研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第12期24-36,共13页
Studies in Early Childhood Education
基金
国家社会科学基金教育学青年课题"儿童公平分配规则的发展特点与影响机制研究"(批准号:CEA120120)
关键词
感恩
资源
公平分配
亲社会行为
gratitude, resource, fair distribution, prosocial behavior
