摘要
【目的】了解土壤带菌量、预测土壤黑胫病发病潜力,可为病害的精准防控、田间病圃的高效选择、不同抗性品种的科学布局提供依据。【方法】采用土壤稀释平板计数法、土壤假植病害调查2种方法预测土壤中烟草黑胫病的发病潜力,田间病害系统调查验证。【结果】土壤带菌量与病害的发生率密切相关,病原菌含量越高,发病越重、蔓延越快;随着时间的推移,初始发病率高,最终病害发生越严重,最终发病率是初始发病率的10~20倍;土壤带菌普遍存在,在所采集的土壤中均可分离获得,病原菌含量积累到一定程度就引发病害,1000个/g土壤带菌量为病害经济阈值,3~5次的假植病害调查可以准确地预测土壤烟草黑胫病的发病潜力。【结论】1000个/g土壤带菌量为烟草黑胫病的经济阈值,据此可以对土壤的病菌进行预警;假植病害调查可以准确地预测土壤烟草黑胫病的发病潜力,表明建立在环境—寄主—病原三角关系的假植预测病害方法是一种相对准确、低成本、简便易推广的病害预测方法。
【Objective】Forecast of tobacco black shank was studied in order to prevent and control of diseases accurately,select field disease nursery efficiently,and lay out different resistant varieties scientifically. 【Method】Disease potentiality of Phytophthora nicotiana in the soil was calculated by soil dilution plate counting method and soil planting disease investigation method,and field disease system was used to inverstigate and validate the disease of tobacco black shank used temporary planting indicator tobacco in the representative soil of the field.【Result】Quantification of Phytophthora nicotiana in the soil and the incidence of the disease were closely related,and the higher the density of the pathogen was,the more seriously the disease occurred and expanded. As the time went on,the higher initial incidence disease was,the more seriously the successor disease occurred. And the final disease incidence was 10-20 times as many as the initial incidence. Phytophthora nicotiana widely existed in the soil,and it was isolated from all collected soil. When the accumulative density of the fungus was 1000 cfu/g soils,the disease occurred. Disease potentiality of Phytophthora nicotiana could be accurately forecast incidence of the disease of tobacco black shank in soil by 3-5 times.【Conclusion】According to the disease threshold 1000 cfu/g soil,we could early warn the pathogenic bacterium in the soil. So in view of relationship between environment,host and pathogen,the method of disease prediction was a relatively accurate,low cost,simple and easy to promote by tobacco seedling transplanting soil.
作者
方敦煌
肖炳光
童治军
曾建敏
FANG Dun-huang;XIAO Bing-guang;TONG Zhi-jun;ZENG Jian-min(Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Kunming 650031, China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第10期2246-2250,共5页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
中国烟草总公司科技计划项目(110201301006
2014TBB01
110201601027)
中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划项目(2012YN05
2013YN01
2016YN23)
关键词
烟草疫霉
土壤稀释平板计数法
土壤假植
病害调查
病害预测
Phytophthora nicotiana
Soil dilution planting
Soil temporary planting
Disease investigation
Disease forecasting
