摘要
西部农村缺水地区饮用水安全问题一直备受关注。针对贵州西部喀斯特农村缺水地区饮用水水质污染问题,以生活饮用水卫生标准(GB5749-2006)为标准,选取我国地氟病发病率最高的特殊地区——贵州织金县7个具有代表性的饮用水取水点为研究对象,采用主成分分析法对相关11项水质理化指标和3项微生物指标进行综合评价。结果显示,织金县农村缺水地区7个监测点中的水质主要受有机物和微生物污染,所有屋面雨水和中坝村岩溶水中CODMn和NH+4—N含量均超过饮用水标准限值。其中,官寨乡屋面雨水中CODMn最高超标7倍,荷花村屋面雨水中NH+4—N最高超标约3倍。在Fe、Mn离子浓度方面,官寨乡屋面雨水和岩溶水中Fe含量分别比饮用水限值超标2.5倍和5倍,荷花村岩溶水井3个月中Mn检出量分别比饮用水限值超标5倍、2倍和2.6倍。在微生物指标方面,7个监测点水样中菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群均呈现不同程度的超标,微生物指标合格率仅为28.6%。且随着枯水期时间增长,水质随着水流量的减小而逐渐恶化。因此,贵州西部农村缺水地区普遍用作饮用水的屋面雨水和岩溶水存在较大的健康风险,需要加强水质净化和消毒,方能达到安全饮用标准。
Drinking water safety problems has been closely concentrated in western rural area. The seven representative sampling points were selected according to pollution problem of drinking water in Zhijin country,which is the highest incidence special areas of epidemic fluorosis in China. Hygiene Standards for Drinking Water（ GB5749-2006） was used to evaluate water quality. Then water quality was evaluated on the eleven physical and chemical indicators and three microbial indicators of water quality by principal component analysis. The results show that,Organic and microorganisms are the main pollutant in the seven representative sampling points.CODMn in roof rainwater of Guanzhai township was 7 times as many as standard,in the roof rainwater of Hehua village was about 3 times as many as standard. Fe content of roof rainwater and karst water were 2.5 times and 5 times as many as the limit of drinking water respectively in Guanzhai township. Amount of Mn detection respectively were above 5 times,2 times and 2.6 times as many as the limit of drinking water respectively about karst water well on the road in 3 months in Hehua village. Amount of total bacterial count,total coliforms,heat-resistant coliform bacteria were more than the limit of drinking water,microbial indicators percent of pass is only 28.6%.And in the season time,with the decrease of the water flow,water quality gradually become worse. There were health risks about using roof rainwater and karst water as drinking water in rural drinking water shortage region of Zhijin County,in order to achieve the standard of drinking water safe,enhancing water quality purification and disinfection are necessary.
作者
李新
李江
吴永贵
孙梦阳
王定景
杜莉莉
熊迪
LI Xin LI Jiang WU Yonggui SUN Mengyang WANG Dingjing DU Lili XIONG Di(College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China Karst Eco-environmental Engineering Research Center of Guizhou province, Guiyang 550025, China Institute of Applied Ecology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China)
出处
《贵州大学学报（自然科学版）》
2017年第4期126-131,共6页
Journal of Guizhou University:Natural Sciences
基金
贵州省水利厅基金项目资助(KT201403)
贵州省教育厅自然科学研究项目资助(黔教合KY字[2016]011)
贵州省教育厅研究生教育创新计划项目资助(黔教研合GZZ字[2016]07)
关键词
西部农村缺水地区
分散供水
屋面雨水
岩溶水
水质评价
主成分分析法
western rural water shortage area
decentralized water supply
roof rainwater
karst water
water quality evaluation
principal component analysis
