摘要
非正当当事人是我国民事诉讼理论中的悬案。我国对非正当当事人采任意化的处理方式,打破了诉权与审判权的平衡,破坏了程序的安定性,降低了诉讼效率。非正当当事人的要件属性决定了其处理方式,将非正当当事人作为诉讼要件或权利保护要件各有利弊,我国《民诉法》并未统一非正当原告与非正当被告的要件属性,违反了当事人平等原则。非正当当事人具体可类型化为自始不适格当事人与后续不适格当事人,这对修正"非正当当事人"与"非正当当事人的处理方式"之间的关系有重要意义。应从"非正当当事人"的本源出发,统一非正当当事人的处理方式,可推动我国民事诉讼的体系化、提高诉讼效率并保障当事人诉权。具体应以诉讼承继制度作为处理非正当当事人的基础,充分发挥法官阐明权并建立独立的救济机制。
Unsuitable Litigant is an unsettled issue in civil procedural theory in China.The processing towards Unsuitable Litigant lacks discipline,which breaks the balance between litigant right and judicial power,destroys the procedural stability and reduces the procedural efficiency.The nature of the Unsuitable Litigant determines the processing procedure.Taking the Unsuitable Litigant as a prerequisite in lawsuit and right protection request has its advantages and disadvantages.The Civil Procedural Law of China does not have a consistent regulation on this matter,which violates the rule of equal rights between the parties.Unsuitable Litigant could be classified as Unsuitable Litigant from the Start and Unsuitable Litigant in Procedure,which could clarify the difference between Unsuitable Litigant and the Unsuitable Litigant processing.We should establish uniform processing towards Unsuitable Litigant,which could promote the systematization of civil procedural theory,increase the procedural efficiency and protect the litigant right.We should establish the processing procedure on the base of successor of litigant,take advantage of the elucidation right and set up independent remedy procedures.
出处
《大连理工大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2017年第4期81-88,共8页
Journal of Dalian University of Technology(Social Sciences)
基金
国家社科基金项目:"迈向制度理性的民事程序研究"(14CFX028)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目:"民事纠纷的多元化解决机制研究"(10XNI033)
关键词
非正当当事人
当事人适格
诉讼要件
诉讼承继
Unsuitable L it ig a n t
qualification of l it ig a n t
prerequisite in lawsuit
successor of litigant
