摘要
古地理学着重于研究和重建地史时期地球表面自然地理状况。国际古地理学主要是在板块构造理论指导下,依托古地磁、古生物和地球化学等手段,重建地史时期的大陆位置、板块边界、海陆分布,侧重于板块尺度的板块构造古地理。中国古地理学主要侧重于以矿产资源勘探服务为导向的不同尺度的盆内岩相古地理研究及编图。当前中国古地理研究对前寒武纪板块构造体制之前的古地理研究仍处于探讨和假说阶段,对显生宙重大古地理变迁的构造机制、地表过程、生命效应是最具挑战的科学问题,诸如古生代与生物大灭绝事件相伴生的古地理变化,中三叠世末扬子板块与华北板块拼合后的古地理效应,白垩纪以来中国地势由东高西低转变为西高东低的过程和机制等。未来中国古地理学研究不仅要继续加强服务于页岩气等新矿产资源勘探的应用岩相古地理研究,还应建设对接国际的多学科融合的中国古地理数据库,系统重建中国小陆块群聚散的多重古地理演变过程,深入认识全球古地理演变的中国地质记录及其地球生命环境意义。
Paleogeography focuses on research and reconstruction of natural geography of the earth＇s surface through the geological history.International paleogeography research is mainly conducted under the guidance of the theory of plate tectonics,supported by the methods of paleomagnetic,geochemistry and paleontology,thus to recovery the plate location,determine the plate boundary,draw the distribution of ocean and land in ancient times,and rebuild paleogeographic pattern at different scales,and so on.Domestic paleogeography research places a heavy emphasis on lithofacies-palaeogeographic research and mapping at different scales by combination of data of paleo-environments and sedimentary composition.This work is mainly done for the purpose of resource survey services.Details and mechanism of critical paleogeographic changes in the Phanerozoic era is the key scientific issues in fields of present Chinese paleogeographic study.The examples include paleogeographic changes associated with major mass extinction events; the effect of collision of Yangtze plate and north China plate in the late Middle Triassic on the paleogeographic pattern;mechanism and process of Chinese terrain transition from higher in the east and lower in the west to higher in the west and lower in the east since the Cretaceous.A kind of inevitable trending of paleogeography research is to develop sequence lithofacies-palaeogeography at various time-space scales with further improved isochronism and serviceability aiming at different research goals.Driven by resources exploration of new deposits （such as unconventional hydrocarbons and sandstone-type ore deposits,etc.）,mapping and methods of lithofacies palaeogeography which employing＂environment ＋ mineral＂composition is becoming a hot spot.
出处
《沉积学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第5期888-901,共14页
Acta Sedimentologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41672102
41602118)
油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室开放基金项目(PLC201605)~~
关键词
古地理学
板块构造
地表过程
生命效应
矿产资源
paleogeography
plate tectonics
earth surface process
effect of life
mineral resources
