摘要
面对商品房交易中层出不穷的欺诈行为以及2014年新修订的《消费者权益保护法》第55条加大惩罚性赔偿责任力度的新形势,最高人民法院《关于审理商品房买卖合同纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释》(2003)有关惩罚性赔偿责任的规定日益显现出适用条件严苛、适用范围狭窄等问题。在我国当前的司法审判中,法院多适用该司法解释作为判决被告承担惩罚性赔偿责任的法律依据,而不适用《消费者权益保护法》第55条的规定,主要原因在于商品房买受人的消费者地位不明确、惩罚性赔偿金额过高、法院存在适用法律的路径依赖等。为完善商品房买卖中惩罚性赔偿责任的法律适用,充分发挥惩罚性赔偿责任的制裁、惩罚与激励功能,应当明确以下两点:商品房买受人的消费者身份;《消费者权益保护法》的效力位阶高于司法解释。同时,司法解释应做相应修改:因商品房经营者欺诈行为导致购房消费者损害的,以购房消费者所受损失额作为惩罚性赔偿金的计算基准,规定损失额三倍以下的惩罚性赔偿金。
In the face of emerging fraud cases in commercial housing market and with the amendment of Article 55 in Consumer Protection Law to increase the compensation for punitive damage in 2014,the judicial interpretation of provisions on punitive damages is increasingly obvious that the applicable conditions are harsh in The Commercial Housing Judicial Interpretation（ 2003）. The scope is narrow,the amount of compensation is too elastic and so on. We found the courts in the field of commercial housing sales apply more judicial interpretation of contract provisions about punitive damages than the Consumer Protection Law. The main reason why these courts do not apply Consumer Protection Law is that the real estate buyers＇ lack of consumer＇s status,the high amount of punitive damages,the courts＇ dependence on applicable law. In order to improve punitive liability for the application of law and fully apply punitive damages of punishment and incentive functions in the sale of commercial housing,we believe that Consumer Protection Law should be applicable in the field of commercial housing sales contract,the buyer（ natural persons） of real estate should clearly have the status of consumers,the Consumer Protection Law＇s legitimacy rank is higher than Judicial Interpretation of Commercial Housing Sales Contracts,which determines the priority of punitive liability to apply Article 55 of Consumer Protection Law in the sale of real estate. The Commercial Housing Judicial Interpretation should be amended to provide no more than three times of the contracted housing price as the punitive damages,if the seller intentionally or negligently leads to consumer damage.
作者
钱玉文
QIAN Yu-wen(Shi Liang School of Law, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China)
出处
《现代法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第5期63-72,共10页
Modern Law Science
基金
2014年度国家社科基金重大项目"民生视野下食品安全治理的法治化"(14ZDC028)
江苏高校哲学社会科学重点项目"网约车法律规制效果的实证研究"(2017ZDIXM005)
江苏高校境外研修计划资助项目
关键词
商品房买卖
惩罚性赔偿责任
商品房买受人
欺诈行为
selling and buying of commercial housing
punitive damages
real estate buyer
fraud
