摘要
考察马克思主义哲学和批评话语分析关于语言与社会关系的认识,可以发现二者的观点侧重不尽相同。然而,批评话语分析不仅在西方马克思主义性质的法兰克福学派寻根,还在经典马克思主义那里问祖,将马克思也说成是批评话语分析者。对批评话语分析的这些论点进行思考,我们认为,如果说批评话语分析与经典马克思主义有所联系,那便是辩证唯物主义为批评话语分析理论的进一步发展提供了前提和基础。在此基础上,我们提出批评话语分析回归马克思,坚持辩证唯物主义物质第一、意识第二,以及认识的基础是实践的观点,认为这样可以使批评话语分析对话语建构作用的强调不走入极端,不脱离社会实在对于话语建构的基础和决定作用这一根基,同时可以使批评话语分析在实现理论发展的过程中更加注重来自现实世界的挑战和机遇。
For the relationship between language and society, Marxist philosophy holds that language comes into being out of its need, the necessary need for communication. This social view of language differs from that of critical discourse analysis （CDA） in that CDA, preferring the term of discourse to language, lays an emphasis on the shaping function of discourse while at the same time admitting that discourse is shaped by society. In this regards, CDA finds its theoretical origin in Frankfurt School （Fairclough and Wodak 1997）. The problem arises, however, that CDA does not stop in relating itself with this Western Marxist school but goes one step further and attributes its origin to Marx himself, Marx as a critical discourse analyst （ Fairclough and Graham 2010）. The argument that Marx is a critical discourse analyst comes from CDA scholars＇ examination of Marx criticizing capitalism and of the method Marx used. They believe that CDA＇s criticism of New Capitalism is attributable to Marx and CDA＇s linguistic analysis to Marx＇s method of critique of language. Their examination holds water to some extent, but is the ＂water＂ adequate enough to support the argument that Marx is a critical discourse analyst？ The answer might be negative, given that CDA has taken as its theoretical origin the Western Marxist Frankfurt School, which is generally agreed different from Marxism both in time and in thoughts. Then, why CDA scholars relate their practice to Marx？ A second thought given to this question leads to another： are there any relations of CDA with Marx？ To answer these quesstions we need to scrutinize Marxist dialectical materialism and to stand in Marx＇s shoes in understanding that material reality goes before consciousness and that the foundation of consciousness is practice. With this light shed on CDA＇s understanding of the relationship between language and society, it can be found that CDA＇s emphasis on the shaping function of discourse attempts to go to an extreme as is argued i
作者
田海龙
赵芃
TIAN Hailong ZHAO Peng(Prof. Tian Hailong, Research Centre for Linguistics and Semiotics, Tianjin Foreign Studies University, 117 Machang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300204)
出处
《当代语言学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第4期494-506,共13页
Contemporary Linguistics
基金
国家社会科学基金项目<中国学术话语体系的构建及其与国际学术话语交流策略研究>(项目编号:14BYY070)的阶段性研究成果
关键词
语言与社会
批评话语分析
辩证唯物主义
马克思主义
language and society, critical discourse analysis （CDA）, Dialectical Materialism, Marxism
