摘要
促进与维持孤立栖息地斑块之间的生境连接,确保物种与生态系统功能的有效交流,是生物多样性与生态系统保护的核心问题之一。神农架世界自然遗产地以其丰富的动植物多样性和独特的生物生态过程,维持着北亚热带山地生态系统的功能和稳定性,是全球同纬度山地生态系统的杰出代表。但神农架遗产地由相互隔离的两片组成,且有一条加装护栏的国道209横穿其间,使得遗产地的生态系统和物种处于生态隔离状态。本研究在收集整理历史资料和实地踏查基础上,分析论证了神农架遗产地两片间野生动植物交流和生态系统功能连通的可行性及其技术方案。结果表明:神农架遗产地两片区间间隔距离为3.0~13.4 km,植被类型和生态系统丰富多样,植被覆被率高达97%,可满足廊道、踏脚石、野生动物通道建设的基础条件,同时辅以拆除护栏可有效消除209国道的阻隔作用,具备构建"廊道—踏脚石—通道"生境连通的镶嵌式格局、进而确保了两片区间景观结构与生态功能有效连接的可行性;通过建设2条条状廊道、4处踏脚石廊道、4座野生动物通道、拆除209国道护栏的45%,结合已起到下涵式通道作用的7座已建桥梁,可满足两片区间物种和生态功能有效连通的技术要求,具有实际建设的可实施性。神农架遗产地"廊道—踏脚石—通道"镶嵌式的生境连通网络,可促进两片区间的有效连通,增强物种与生态系统的抗干扰能力和稳定性。应尽快细化完善方案,全面启动神农架遗产地两片间连通工程的实施。项目建成后,应建立相应的监测与预警系统,研制应急预案,实现其连通功能的长效发挥。
A key topic in biodiversity and ecosystem conservation is how to enhance the connectivity of isolated and fragmented habitats,enabling the effective exchange of wildlife to maintain ecosystem functionality.Shennongjia is a World Natural Heritage Site with an exceptionally rich biodiversity supporting unique ecological and biological processes,which provides an outstanding example of pristine sub-tropical high-elevation ecosystem.Unfortunately,the Site is split into two parts.The distance separating the two parts ranges from 3.0 to 13.4 km,and a fenced National Road 209 runs through the jointed area between two parts.This study compiled previous literature and conducted additional field surveys to assess the feasibility of enhancing connectivity between the two components comprising Shennongjia Heritage Site,and proposed specific schemes for implementation.Vegetation covers over 97% of the jointed area,facilitating the development of wildlife corridors or stepping stones across this buffer zone.To achieve sufficient connectivity between the two parts to ensure consistent ecosystem functionality and resilience,we propose that two strip corridors,four stepping stones,four wildlife overpass crossings and 45% road-fence dismantlement will be required.With completion of this strategic scoping study,it is now crucial to establish a detailed timeframe to implement this initiative as soon as possible.Furthermore,we advocate that construction methods and materials should be responsible to the environment and be subject to continuous monitoring and regulation by the administrating authorities.
作者
周友兵
徐文婷
赵常明
申国珍
熊高明
樊大勇
谢宗强
ZHOU You-bing XU Wen-ring ZHAO Chang-ruing SHEN Guo-zhen XIONG Gao-ming FAN Da-yong XIE Zong- qiang(State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China）.)
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第10期2988-2996,共9页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31500359)
中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目(QY20Y-SSW-SMC011-2)资助
关键词
廊道
神农架世界自然遗产
生境连通性
踏脚石
野生动物通道
corridor
Shennongjia Natural Heritage Site
habitat connectivity
stepping stone
wildlife passageway
