摘要
制度性失范理论是美国学者提出的一种理论，被看成是失范理论在宏观层面上最重要的理论分支。该理论认为，美国社会的犯罪源自于美国文化所追求的美国梦带来的失范压力以及与之相伴的社会制度结构。在文化层面上．美国梦过于强调不惜一切代价去实现物质成功。而弱化使用合法手段的重要性。在社会制度层面上，经济制度主导下的社会制度结构削弱了非经济制度的社会控制能力，同时又加剧了无限制地追求物质成功这一文化压力。文化和社会制度结构两者相互促进、相互影响，加剧了社会的失范状况，最终导致了高犯罪率的产生。只有通过激发家庭、学校、政治系统的活力，提升它们对社会的控制能力：同时进行文化革新，即提升金钱成功之外的其他成功标准的地位，并强调个人责任和集体义务，才能减少犯罪。研究制度性失范理论．对避免我国走发达国家发展过程中的弯路，有效控制社会发展中的犯罪率增加问题，都有重要的借鉴意义。
The institutional anomie theory is a theory developed by American scholars, which is considered as the most significant version of the anomie theory at the macro-level. The institutional anomie theory maintains that crime in America derives from the cultural commitments of the American dream and institutional arrangements of American society. At the cultural level, the American dream itself exerts pressures toward crime by fostering an anomic cultural environment in which people are encouraged to pursue and achieve monetary success goals by any means necessary. At the institutional level, the institutional balance of power dominated by the economy weakens the ability of social control of noneconomic institutions, nourishes and sustains the anomic pressures of the American dream. The interplay between the cultural commitments of the American dream and its companion institutional balance of power support and promote each other, which results in widespread anomic, weak social control, ultimately, high levels of crime. Therefore, crime reductions will require institutional reform and cultural regeneration. It needs to vitalize families, schools, and the political system, enhance their capacity of social control and social support. For cultural regeneration, goals other than monetary success will have to be elevated to a prominent position. Furthermore, it also needs to foster a cultural receptivity to restraints, and, to promote mutual support and collective obligations. Studying on Institutional Anomie Theory will helps our country to prevent us from making similar mistakes. It provides reference of controlling crimes effectively for us as well.
作者
吴宗宪
张威
Wu Zongxian Zhang Wei
出处
《刑法论丛》
CSSCI
2016年第4期498-522,共25页
Criminal Law Review
关键词
美国梦
犯罪
文化
制度失范
American dream
Crime
Culture
Institutional anomie
