摘要
目的:了解西安地区药品不良反应(ADR)的发生规律及特点,为临床安全用药提供参考。方法:采用帕累托(Pareto)最优分析法对2013~2015年西安地区医疗机构发生的2 076例ADR报告进行整理,汇总患者年龄、药物品种、给药途径、药物剂型和临床表现等并进行分析。结果:2 076例ADR中,引发ADR的年龄段、药物种类、给药途径、药物剂型及累计的系统/器官及主要临床表现情况的主要因素分别为:0~10岁(16.81%)、51~60岁(16.81%)、61~70岁(13.34%)、71~80岁(12.24%)、21~30岁(11.27%)和41~50岁(10.31%)年龄段;抗感染药物(46.97%)、中药注射剂(14.40%)、中枢神经系统用药(9.34%)和维生素类、营养类药物、酶制剂及调节水、电解质和酸碱平衡药物(8.14%)四大类药物,其中抗感染药物中头孢菌素类的报告例数最多(35.79%);静脉给药(85.84%);注射剂(88.05%);皮肤及其附件损害(41.43%)、消化系统损害(14.92%)、全身性损害(13.49%)和神经系统损害(10.75%)相关的ADR例数较多。结论:根据西安地区ADR发生的规律和特点,应加强临床合理用药管理,有针对性加强重点品种、患者的用药监护与ADR检测,保障患者用药安全。
Objective： To investigate the rules and the characteristics about adverse drug reactions happened in hospital of Xi＇ an area, and provide references for rational drug use in clinics. Methods： The Pareto optimal analysis was adopted to analyze the 2 076 cases of ADR reports from 2013 to 2015, including patients＇age, drug varieties, antibacterial varieties, pharmaceutic preparation, routes of administration, and clinical manifestations. Results：The vital few factors of patients＇ age which induce the 2 076 ADRs were 0-10 （ 16.81% ）, 51-60 （ 16.81% ）, 61-70 （ 13.34% ）, 71-80 （ 12.24% ）, 21-30 （ 11.27 % ） and 41-50 （ 10.31% ）. The vital few factors of drug categories were anti-infective agents （46.97%）, traditional Chinese medicine injection （ 14.40% ）, central nervous system drugs （9.34%）, vitamins, nutri- tion drugs, enzyme preparation and balance water, electrolyte and acid-base balance drugs （8.14%）, in anti-infective a- gent, cephalosporins accounted for the highest （35.79%）. The vital few factors of administration route and pharmaceutic preparation were intravenous drip （85.84%） and injection （88.05 % ）. The main clinical manifestations were the skin and its appendages damage （41.43%）, alimentary system lesion （14.92%）, systemic damage （13.49%） and nervous sys- tem damage （10.75%）. Conclusion： In order to reduce the incidence of ADR, the rational drug use should be mastered, the safeguard should be strengthened and effective measures should be taken to monitor and manage ADRs.
出处
《药物流行病学杂志》
CAS
2017年第9期627-630,652,共5页
Chinese Journal of Pharmacoepidemiology
基金
陕西省卫生和计划生育委员会卫生计生科研课题项目(编号:2016D042)
关键词
西安
药品不良反应
帕累托法
安全用药
Xi＇an area
Adverse drug reaction
Pareto optimal
Drug safety
