摘要
蝴蝶经过自然进化形成由脊(ridge)、肋(rib)、短肋(strut)等微结构构成的多层次、多维度的微纳分级结构,作用于入射光线,使其呈现出独特的光学特性。以蝶翅为模板,制备无机或有机三维材料,不仅可获得结构色、抗反射、热响应、选择性气体响应、定向粘连、超疏水等多种功能特性,并且可通过采用结构不同的蝶翅,改变复合物的厚度等因素进行调控;同时克服了人为仿生过程中设备复杂、构型简单、成本高的问题,为制备结构功能一体化材料提供了新的思路。从金属、金属氧化物、聚合物三个方面重点阐述蝶翅所赋予材料的特殊光学效应。金属蝶翅上的"肋(rib)"结构具有显著的表面局域增强效应,如Au蝶翅的灵敏度比商用表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)基板Klarite的高10倍但成本仅为其1/10;蝶翅表面的微细鳞片具有"捕光"效应,如蜂窝状结构的黑色鳞片对可见光的平均吸收率达到96%以上,可应用在光阳极、光催化等方面;蝶翅赋予响应性光子晶体特殊的光学特性,其会随着周围环境,如p H、电场、温度等发生变化,为制备更加简单、灵敏度高的传感器提供了途径。
Butterfly has been developing elaborated hierarchical micro/nano structures with multiple layers and dimensions through natural selection for millions of years.The microstructures are composed of ridge,rib and strut and they act on incident light to present special optical characteristics.3D inorganic or organic materials templated from butterfly wing scales can not only get multifunctional properties,such as structural color,antireflection,thermal-response,selective vapor response,directional adhesion and superhydrophobicity and they can be controlled by using wings with different structures or changing the thickness of replica,but also avoid the problem of complex equipment,simple configuration and high cost in the artificial biomimetic process.In this paper,the special optical characteristics of butterfly wing scales templated metal,metal oxide,polymer are summarized.Firstly,the ＆quot;rib＆quot; structures on metal scales have significant surface localized enhancement effect.The Au scales are 10 times more sensitivity than commercial Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering （SERS） substrate but cost only 1/10.Secondly,the micro scales on wings have ＆quot;light trapping＆quot; effect and the honeycomb structured black scales can absorb average 96% of visible light which can be applied to light anode and photocatalysis etc.Finally,butterfly wings endow responsive photonic crystals with special photo characteristics which change with the surrounding environment such as pH,electric field,temperature,etc.This property provides a new way for making simple and sensitivity sensors.
出处
《中国材料进展》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第7期557-565,共9页
Materials China
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51271116)
关键词
蝶翅
分级
微纳
光学材料
仿生
butterfly wing
hierarchical
micro/nano
optical material
biomimetic
