摘要
以佛山一高校为研究对象,采集教工区和学习区共30个样点的室内灰尘,测定灰尘中8种重金属As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn的含量,采用Spearman相关系数、主成分分析、美国EPA风险评价模型,探析了室内灰尘重金属污染程度、来源,并评估了重金属对人体可能的健康风险.结果表明,相对于广东省土壤背景值,室内灰尘8种重金属污染严重;与国内其他城市相比,室内灰尘金属含量处于较高水平,Hg除外;8种金属含量在教工区和学习区无显著性差异.室内灰尘8种金属存在相似的来源,Hg主要来源于室外人为源,其余金属主要来源于室内人为源.非致癌日均暴露量为手-口接触摄入量>皮肤吸收量>呼吸摄入量,手-口摄入是室内灰尘重金属暴露的主要途径;除个别样点Cr非致癌风险>1、致癌风险值达10-6外,多数样点8种重金属非致癌风险<1,4种致癌重金属呼吸途径致癌风险未达10-6,对人体不会造成健康危害.打印机/复印机、仪器设备等是室内重金属的重要污染源和风险源,应采取一定的防护措施降低人体暴露风险.
Thirty indoor dust samples were collected from staff and study areas in a college in Foshan,and the As,Hg,Cd,Cu,Zn,Ni,Pb,and Cr contents were measured. The Spearman correlation coefficient,principal component analysis,and US EPA health risk assessment model were used to determine the sources and degree of pollution and the health risks. The results showed that the levels of the eight heavy metals were higher than the background values in Guangdong Province and the reported values in other Chinese cities,excluding Hg. The levels of the eight heavy metals were higher in the staff area than in the study area,but the difference was not significant. The eight heavy metals were derived from similar sources; Hg was mainly derived from outdoor anthropogenic sources,while the others were mainly derived from indoor anthropogenic sources. The daily non-carcinogenic exposure dose was in the following order： ingestion 〉dermal exposure〉 inhalation. Ingestion was the major pathway of heavy metal exposure from indoor dust. Except for Cr,the non-carcinogenic hazard indexes of ingestion and dermal exposure were taken from partial sample points 〉1. All of the health risks were lower than the average risk thresholds of the heavy metals,and would not cause health risks to humans. Printers,copiers,instruments,and equipment were important sources of indoor pollution and risk sources of heavy metals. Thus,protective measures should be taken to reduce the risk of exposure.
出处
《环境科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第9期3620-3627,共8页
Environmental Science
基金
广东省自然科学基金项目(2016A030313758)
广东省科技计划项目(2014B030301060)
广东省高等学校优秀青年教师培养计划项目(YQ2015203)
广东省高等职业教育品牌专业建设项目(2016gzpp036)
广东环境保护工程职业学院院长基金项目(KY201302003)
关键词
室内灰尘
重金属
来源
暴露剂量
健康风险
indoor dust
heavy metals
sources
exposure dosage
health risk
