摘要
为探明川西平原水田两熟区基础土壤地力与水稻产量的关系,以2个杂交籼稻为试验材料,在四川省绵竹市选取2个乡镇高、中、低不同基础地力田块进行试验,研究基础地力和施肥对水稻生育期、生长动态和产量的影响。结果表明:施肥后各地力田块水稻有效穗、穗粒数显著增加,施肥处理较CK大幅增产,增产幅度为低产田>中产田>高产田,高、中、低产田的基础地力贡献率分别为84.4%、82.0%和77.4%。试验地高、中、低产田施肥后分别增产19.8%、22.0%、30.2%。施肥处理有助于水稻提早分蘖,显著增加水稻株高及分蘖数,施肥后总生育期略微延长,高、中、低产田生育期延长程度差异不明显。高产田有效蘖数略高于中、低产田。总体上,水稻产量随基础地力的提升而升高,肥料贡献率为低产田>中产田>高产田,相同施肥处理下低产田增产潜力更大。从产量构成要素看,施肥显著增加水稻有效穗数,是产量提升的主因。
To find out the relationship between soil fertility and rice yield in paddy fields of West Sichuan Plain, experiments of fertilization in different basic fertility soils were conducted with 2 indica hybrid rice varieties, to study the effects of basic soil fertility and fertilization on rice growth period, growth dynamic and yield. The results showed that the number of effective panicles and kernels per spike increased significantly after fertilization, and fertilization substantially increased the yield compared with CK.The sequence of yield increasing rate was low yield field 〉 medium yield field 〉 high yield field. After fertilization in high, medium and low yield fields, the contribution rate of basic fertility was 84.4%, 82.0% and 77.4%, and the rice yield increased by 19.8%, 22.0% and 30.2% respectively. Fertilization helped rice tillering ahead of time. Meanwhile, and it could increase plant height and the number of tillers, the total growth period after fertilization was slightly prolonged, and the difference of the rice growth period of high, medium and low yield fields was not obvious. The number of effective tillers in high yield field was slightly higher than that in medium and low yield field. Overall, rice yield increased with the rise of basic soil fertility and the sequence of fertilizer contribution rate was low yield field〉 middle yield field〉 high yield field. Under the same fertilization treatment, low yield field had more yield increasing potential. From yield components, fertilization significantly increased the number of effective panicles of rice, which was the main reason for the yield increase.
出处
《中国农学通报》
2017年第23期63-67,共5页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项"水田两熟区耕地培肥与合理农作制"(201503122)
"西南水旱轮作区规模化周年高效生产技术研究与示范"(201303129)
关键词
水稻
基础地力
施肥
分蘖
生长动态
产量
rice
basic soil fertility
fertilization
tiller
growth dynamics
yield
