摘要
【目的】通过研究北方葡萄水平棚架"顺沟高厂"树形的应用效果,为简化葡萄栽培技术、促进农艺农机融合提供理论依据及技术指导。【方法】以5 a(年)生‘红地球’‘弗雷无核’‘克瑞森无核’等葡萄品种为试材,将传统棚架直立龙干树形改造成"顺沟高厂"树形,从光效和省力化程度等方面进行了对比评价。【结果】2种树形叶面覆盖面积和消光系数相同,而由于枝蔓分布角度不同,生长季内"顺沟高厂"树形实际光能截获面积大于传统直立龙干树形;"顺沟高厂"树形光合日变化最大和最小值、光合曲线积分面积等指标优于传统直立龙干树形;"顺沟高厂"树形叶片光能利用范围(光较差)LIR为1 942和1 795μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),而传统直立龙干树形仅为1 830和1 730μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1);"顺沟高厂"树形夏季修剪耗时每666.7 m^2 4.35 h,而传统直立龙干树形修剪耗时每666.7 m^2 16.39 h;果实成熟前传统直立龙干树形架面1~4道铁丝明显下沉,果穗最低处1.54 m,"顺沟高厂"树形架面中间2~5道铁丝下沉不明显,果穗最低处1.62 m。【结论】葡萄水平棚架"顺沟高厂"树形具有高光效、简化管理,适宜农机使用的特点。
[ Objective]Grape cultivation is concentrated in the northern regions in China. Grape vine must be buried under the soil to cross the winter, which takes large amount of labor. However, the rising labor cost has turned out to be an important burden in grape production. The key to sustainable development of grape industry is to develop a simplified management with mechanized operations, which have become the urgent demand in modern grape production. There are many disadvantages in the traditional single cordon grape training system in northern China, such as high labor demanding and difficulty in machine operations. In this study, a modified single cordon trellis type, the ＂oblique single cordon along ditch＂ was eval- uated in northern China, with focus on reducing labor demand in vine management so as to put forward a simplified management system and to promote the use of machinery in grape cultivation. [ Methods] ‘ Red globe＇ ‘Flame Seedless＇ and’‘Crimson Seedless＇ were used as the experimental materials in this study carried out from 2011-2015. The ＂oblique single cordon along ditch＂ trellis system was compared with the traditional single eordon system in terms of management efficiency and potential of machinery operation as well as photosynthetic efficiency. Leaf area index was measured and the summer pruning efficiency was evaluated. The characteristics of tree light interception in the two trellis systems were analyzed using geometric dynamics, and the actual light interception area and length of the canopy in the two trellis sysems were compared. Canopy characteristics were analyzed with a CI 110 digital canopy structure analyzer of CID Bio-Science, Inc. and measurements of photosynthesis were carried out using a TPS-2 plant photo- synthesis system. The Gauss model, right angle hyperbolic correction model and the Freundlich model were used to analyze and calculate the correlation parameters. The number of yellow leaves was recorded weekly from July 10 to September 4, to observe the cha
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第9期1134-1143,共10页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
基金项目:现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-30-zp-03)
关键词
葡萄
树形
光效
简化管理
机械化
Grapes
Trellis type
Photosynthetic efficiency
Simplify the management
Mechanization
