摘要
【目的】研究甜瓜合理的化肥减施量和有机肥替代量,对甜瓜产量和品质的效应,为新疆甜瓜高产优质、产业可持续发展提供参考。【方法】选择新疆鄯善鲁克沁甜瓜主产区,采用三因素三水平正交试验设计,以有机肥种类、有机肥施用量、化肥施用量为考察因素,有机肥种类为固体有机肥、液体滴灌有机肥和小麦秸秆;有机肥施用量分别设置为每种有机肥的低、中、高施用量;化肥施用量为常规施肥量、减施化肥15%和30%。化学氮肥为尿素,磷肥为磷酸一铵。测试甜瓜产量、波美度值(含糖量),研究化肥减施-有机肥替代对甜瓜产量和品质的效应。【结果】有机肥的种类是影响甜瓜产量和含糖量的主要因素,其次为有机肥的施用量,而化肥施用量影响最小。甜瓜减施30%化肥仍能获得最高产量和含糖量。【结论】新疆鄯善地区甜瓜施肥策略可采用减施化肥-有机肥替代技术,最佳组合为有机肥可采用小麦秸秆或有机肥,施用量为450 kg/667 m2,化肥用量较常规施肥可减少30%。
[Objective] The aim of this study was to explore the reasonable amount of chemical fertilizer application and the substitution of organic fertilizer for the muskmelon in Xinjiang, to provide reference for the high yield and good quality of muskmelon and the sustainable development of the muskmelon industry.[Method] Lukqin muskmelon production area in Shanshan, Xinjiang was selected and the three factors and three lev-els orthogonal design was adopted. Types of organic fertilizer, the amount of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer were taken as the factors to be investigated. The types of organic fertilizer were solid organic fertiliz-er ,liquid drip irrigation organic fertilizer and wheat straw. The application amount of organic fertilizer was set to low, middle and high dosage of each organic fertilizer. Chemical fertilizer application amount is convention-al fertilizer, 15% and 30% reduced amounts （in relation to the conventional amount） . The chemical nitrogen fertilizer was urea, and the phosphate fertilizer was monoammonium phosphate. The data of yield and sugar content were measured and analyzed to determine the effects of different chemical fertilizer reduction and or-ganic fertilizer substitution on the yield and quality of Muskmelon. [Result] Typ es of organic fertilizer were the main factors affecting muskmelon yield and sugar content, followed by the organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer with minimal impact. Reducing 30% chemical fertilizer could still obtain high muskmelon yield and sugar content .[Conclusion] The fertilization strategy of muskmelon in Shanshan area of Xinjiang can be replaced by reducing chemical fertilizer amount and organic fertilizer replacement technology. The best combination is organ-ic manure, which means wheat straw or other organic ones can be used, the amount of application is 450 kg/667 m2, and the amount of chemical fertilizer can be reduced by 30% compared with conventional fertilizer.
出处
《新疆农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第8期1450-1459,共10页
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences
基金
农业部公益性行业(农业)专项“北方一熟区耕地培肥与合理轮作制”(201503120)~~
关键词
甜瓜正交试验
化肥减施
有机肥替代
产量
含糖量
orthogonal experiment
chemical fertilizer reduction
organic fertilizer substitution
yield
sugar content
