摘要
本文是对作者在《世界史的构造》(2010年)中提出的"从生产模式到交换模式"这一主题的解说。在马克思主义的公式化理论中,基于建筑的隐喻,社会构成体的历史被如此说明——生产模式是经济基础,政治的和观念的上层建筑由该经济基础所规定。所谓生产模式,是指从人与自然的关系而来的生产力,以及从人与人的关系而来的生产关系。但是,这无法很好地说明国家、社会主义、宗教以及其他观念的上层建筑。结果,马克思主义在事实上要么被无视,要么就被作为经济决定论而遭否定,最终走向"马克思主义的终结"。在作者看来,经济的基础不是生产模式,而是交换模式。作者所说的"交换",包括自然与人的关系以及人与人的关系,近似于马克思青年时期使用的"交通"这一概念。交换有多种类型,国家、宗教、社会主义等上层建筑都直接由这些交换而来。只有在这个意味上,"经济决定论"才是有效的。
This paper is an introduction to the key theme in Structure of World History(2010),concerning the shift from mode of production to mode of exchange.In the standard Marxism,the history of social formations is explained according to the view that the mode of production is the economic base,which determines the political and ideological superstructure.Mode of production indicates the production power which is rooted in the relationship between human and nature,and production relation which comes from the relationship between human to human.However,this approach fails to explain the ideological superstructure,which includes the state,socialism,religion,and etc.As a result,either that it had been virtually ignored or dismissed as"economic determinism".This had led to"the end of Marxism".However,in my view,economic base is not mode of production but mode of exchange.What I call"exchange"includes relationship between human to human,as well as relationship between human and nature,and is similar to the word"Ferker"(intercourse),which the young Marx employed.There are different types of exchanges.Superstructure such as the state,religion,and socialism are directly determined by those modes of exchange respectively.In this sense only"Economic determinism"is valid.
出处
《开放时代》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第5期95-106,共12页
Open Times
关键词
经济基础
上层建筑
交换模式
物神
普遍宗教
Economic base
superstructure
mode of exchange
fetish
universal religion
