摘要
通过综合比较分析山西省玉米生产成本收益的现状,以期为降低玉米生产成本和提高农户收益提供相应的对策。研究以2004—2013年间山西省玉米生产成本收益为研究对象,将其与全国玉米平均水平进行比较。结果表明,2012年山西省玉米产量达近10 a间最高值(9 411.3 kg/hm^2),但同年利润率却呈现下降的趋势,从72.5%下降至46.2%。山西省玉米生产人工成本不断增加,所占比例达51%;土地成本在10 a间上涨261%,超过物质与服务成本的上涨幅度;2011年成为山西省玉米销售价格由升转降的拐点。山西省玉米生产成本的增加是由人工成本与土地成本的增加所致,因此,应大力推广玉米机械播种、机械整地和机械收获的技术,解决玉米播种、整地和收获过程中费时费工的问题,以降低成本。
To provide the corresponding countermeasures for reducing the production cost and increasing farmer＇s income, the paper comprehensively analyzed the current situation of maize benefits in Shanxi province. This study focused on the benefits of maize in Shanxi province during 2004-2013, compared with the national maize average level. The results showed that the yield of the maize production in Shanxi province in 2012 was the highest（9 411.3 kg/hm^2）among 10 years, while the profit margins in the same year showed a downtrend, declined from 72.5% to 46.2%. Labor costs of maize production in Shanxi province increased continuously,accounting for 51%. Land costs rose 261% during the decades, which was more than rises in the costs of material and services. In 2011,the sale price of maize in Shanxi province had been from rise to fall, which became a turning point. Due to the increase of artificial costs and land costs, the costs of maize production in Shanxi province increased. Therefore, it is necessary to vigorously promote mechanical planting, mechanical soil preparation and mechanical harvest technology, which can solve the time-consuming and power wasting problems in the process of the maize planting, soil preparation and harvesting, so as to reduce costs.
出处
《山西农业科学》
2017年第8期1365-1368,共4页
Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303104)
"十二五"农村领域国家科技计划课题(2015BAD22B03-2)
山西省科技攻关项目(201603D221007-1)
关键词
玉米
总成本
收益
山西省
maize
the total cost of production
benefit
Shanxi province
