摘要
奴婢是秦汉时期的一个贱民阶层。文章依据秦汉简牍资料论述了秦汉时期奴婢的放免方式,即皇帝的免奴诏、军功放免、亲属戍边或迁徙实边放免、成丁庶民顶替或以钱赎免及主人放免。奴婢放免,对提高奴婢的社会地位具有重要的现实意义。究其放免原因:一是中央集权的加强;二是二十等爵制的实行;三是经济因素,免奴诏和迁徙实边放免体现了国家与工商业主和地主之间对人口的争夺,同时秦汉时期的地主阶级不注重身份和等级,客观上为奴婢放免创造了良好的平台;四是较强的社会阶层流动;五是秦文化的影响。
Slaves are a class of pariah in Qin - Han periods. This paper discusses the methods of slave releases in Qin -Han periods based on the bamboo and wooden slips of Qin -Han, specifically the exemp- tions of slaves by the king, military exploits, garrison the border region or immigrations of relatives, replacement by adult citizens, redemption with money or release by the owner. The release of slaves is of practical significance for raising their social ranks. The main reasons firstly include the reinforcement of central authority. Secondly, it is because of the implementation of twenty - rank nobility policy. The third reason is the economy. Exemptions by the king and immigration for border garrison indicate the fight between government and business owners for the people. Meanwhile, the land owners in Qin - Han periods regarded less on the identify and social rank, objectively creating a favorable platform for slave releases. The fourth reason is the surging flow between social ranks. The fifth reason is the influences of Qin culture.
出处
《兰州学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第9期59-71,共13页
关键词
秦汉
简牍
奴婢放免方式
原因
Qin - Han
bamboo and wooden slips
methods of slave release
reason
