摘要
Numerous airports have been constructed based on the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Civil Aviation Development of China. We collected relevant data on the number and distribution of civil airports, the construction of which had started or that had been assessed and approved. Based on a comparative analysis of the limits of ecological restoration in different ecologically vulnerable areas from the perspective of space, as well as an examination of ecological sensitivity factors in the ecosystems surrounding airport construction projects, suggestions concerning key ecological control techniques to be employed in airport construction projects in different ecologically vulnerable areas are put forward. The results showed that the airport construction projects recently approved by the Ministry of Water Resources and the Environmental Protection Agency are mainly distributed in the ecologically vulnerable areas of the Red Soil Hilly Area in southern China, the Karst Rocky Desertification Area in southwest China, the Agro-pastoral Ecotone in the southwestern mountain region, and the Desert-Oasis Connecting Belt in northwest China. The airport construction projects in the southwest mountain area, the hilly areas of southern China, and in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are mainly based on the ecological technologies of slope protection, interception and drainage management, and vegetation restoration, respectively. In the arid and semi-arid areas, the ecological control technology employed in airport construction is mainly the rational utilization of water resources and reduction or mitigation of the effects of sandstorms. This study aims to serve as basis for soil and water conservation plans in airport construction projects and accelerate ecosystem restoration within the vicinity of airport construction sites.
本文通过收集我国"十二五"规划以来开工建设或验收的民用机场数量、分布情况等相关数据,采用对比分析的方法,从空间的角度剖析了不同生态脆弱区生态恢复的限制性,以及敏感生态因子与建设项目的主要矛盾,提出不同生态脆弱区内机场建设项目的关键生态治理技术。结果表明:近几年来,我国水利部批复及验收的机场建设项目主要分布于我国的西北荒漠绿洲交接生态脆弱区、南方红壤丘陵山地生态脆弱区、西南岩溶山地石漠化生态脆弱区和西南山地农牧交错生态脆弱区;西南山地区的机场建设项目以边坡防护生态治理技术为主;南方丘陵区的机场建设项目主要以截、排水生态治理技术为主;青藏高原地区的机场建设项目主要以植被恢复生态治理技术为主;干旱半干旱区机场建设项目的生态治理技术主要以围绕水资源合理利用,削弱或避免风沙危害为主。针对机场建设项目基于不同生态脆弱区提出相应的生态治理技术,可为该类型项目的水土流失防治以及加速机场建设范围内生态系统的恢复进程提供参考依据。
基金
The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0503704)
