摘要
目的探索江湖洲滩地区血吸虫病防治策略及有效干预措施,评估家畜传染源控制为主的集成优化防治效果。方法在洞庭湖区君山区选取6个乡镇42个相邻的血吸虫病流行村为示范区,以洲滩或村垸为建设单元,因地制宜地实施易感地带封洲禁牧、建立定点牧场、开展舍饲圈养、家畜疫病监测管理、以及人畜查治病、健康教育等以家畜传染源控制为主的集成优化防治措施,观察优化干预措施前后人畜病情和螺情变化,评估优化干预措施对血吸虫病的防控效果。结果实施优化干预措施3~5年后,家畜放牧率、牛存栏数(主要传染源)、以及有螺洲滩野粪密度和阳性率分别减少了99.89%、67.09%、99.90%和100%,人、牛、钉螺感染率分别下降了83.28%、95.88%和100%。同时,垸外水体感染性降低了100%,居民依存性提升了81.23%。干预措施前后效果有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论结合当地经济发展和民情需求,因地制宜地采取以家畜传染源控制为主的集成优化防治措施,对控制江湖洲滩地区的血吸虫病传播具有重要意义。
Objective To investigate an effective prevention and control strategy against schistosomiasis based on livestock infection source control in the lake and marshland regions, and evaluate the effects of such integration optimal measures. Methods Forty - two schistosomiasis endemic villages from 6 townships under administration of Junshan District around Dongting Lake were selected as experimental areas. Integration optimal measures were carried out based on the bottomland or dam - circled area as the experimental unit by livestock infection source control, in-cluding isolating marshland and prohibiting grazing in the risk areas, construction of positioned grazing pasture, barn feeding of the domestic animals, dynamic monitoring and management of zoonosis, regular case - finding in both humans and livestock as well as provision of health education in population. The endemic status in humans and snails were observed before and after implementation of the measures for evaluating the control effects. Results The pas-turing rate and the number of bovines （main source of infection ） , as well as the density and positive rate in wild stools in snail habitat areas were reduced by 99. 89% , 67. 09% , 99. 90% and 100% , and the infection rate of the residents, bovines and snails were decreased by 83. 28% , 95. 88% and 100% , respectively, in 3 to 5 years after implementation of the integration optimal measures on infection source control basis. Besides, the infectivity in the water body outside embankment was declined by 100% and the resident^ dependence increased by 81.23% . The difference was significant before and after the intervention measures （ P 〈0. 05）. Conclusion The integration opti-mal measures on livestock infection source control basis, together with considerations of local needs in economic de-velopment and publics, can be of greater implications for control of schistosomiasis transmission in the lake and marshland regions.
出处
《热带病与寄生虫学》
2017年第2期68-71,77,共5页
Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology
基金
国家科技重大专项(2009ZX10004906,2012ZX10004909)
岳阳市创新人才团队项目(岳市科发[2015]7号)
国家社科基金重大项目(16ZA237)
关键词
血吸虫病
传染源
家畜
防治措施
集成优化
洲滩型流行区
Schistosomiasis, Infection source, Livestock, Control measure, Integrated optimization, Lake and marshland region
