摘要
2011—2016年,苹果白粉病在全国苹果主产区的发生呈现出明显的波动,突出表现在2014年和2015年,该病在多个苹果产区发生严重,尤其是2015年有18个试验站发生等级在4~5级。为明确其原因,调查了2011—2016年国家苹果产业技术体系25个综合试验站的气象资料,分析结果表明,自2011至2015年冬季最低温度有明显的升高趋势,有23个站点冬季最低温升高了2~8℃不等;2015年4月份各站平均降雨量显著偏多,达到51.3mm,为6a之最,各站平均降雨天数达到7.8d,明显多于其他年份。综上所述,冬季最低温度升高、春季4月份降雨增多及降雨次数频繁是近年白粉病发生严重的主要原因,建议在防治上暖冬年份要特别注意冬季和春季的清园,以及春季降雨前后的及时用药。
From 2011 to 2016, the occurrence of apple powdery mildew in the main apple pro- ducing areas of our country showed significant fluctuations with serious occurrence in 2014 and 2015 in many apple producing areas, especidly in 2015, it occured at grade 4-5 in 18 experimental stations. The climate data of 25 experimental apple stations from 2011 to 2016 were investigated in order to explore the reason. The results showed that there was a signifi- cant increase in winter minimum temperature from 2011 to 2015, and the temperature of the 23 stations increased by 2 to 8 degrees. In April of 2015, the average rainfall reached 51.3 mm, which was the highest in the past 6 years. The average rainfall days of each station reached 7.8 days, significantly more than that of other years. In conclusion, the rise of win- ter minimum temperature and increasing rainfall in spring especially in April are the main climatic reasons for the serious occurrence of powdery mildew on apple. Therefore, it is sug- gested to clean the orchard during winter and spring, and spray insecticide before and after rainfall during spring, especially in warm winter years.
作者
闫相如
张瑜
胡同乐
曹克强
YAN Xiangru ZHANG Yu HU Tongle CAO Keqiang(College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China)
出处
《河北林果研究》
2017年第2期155-163,共9页
Hebei Journal of Forestry and Orchard Research
基金
国家重点研发计划"苹果化肥农药减施增效技术集成研究与示范"(2016YFD0201126)
关键词
苹果树
白粉病
气象原因
温度
降雨
apple tree
powdery mildew
climate factors
temperature
rainfall
