摘要
80年代,特别是其中期,中国小说文体处于急剧的变化之中。这一变化主要有两股推动力量:一是可以上承三四十年代的散文化与诗化的倾向,一是先锋派小说。小说文体的变化,集中表现在两点上:一是超脱于情节模式之外,一是模糊以至避免现实主义的"实指性"。前者表现为线性叙述的中断,情节小说、非性格人物的出现以及与之相应的对于塑造典型人物及写出典型环境兴趣的降低乃至漠视;后者则有莫言式的写感觉、马原式的设置叙述圈套和残雪式的写梦呓。而情节模式的弃置与"实指性"的模糊这两个方面,又是相互联系着的。先锋小说是一股形式主义的,亦即以艺术为本位的文学潮流。当先锋小说家在体式试验上愈益沿着象牙之塔新奇而精致的阶梯向着迷迷糊糊的云雾中上升时,就丢弃了脚下广袤的阅读空间。小说家们一心想当精神贵族,忘记了小说的本质恰恰是平民的。虽然在新时期小说体式的争锋中,散文化、诗化是上扬的,其势力获得急剧的扩展,但仍然存在坚持故事性、为小说结构的严密性辩护的另一种倾向。王安忆反对笔记体小说,对诗化小说也不满意。她认为小说创作走向精神的深刻宏大,靠逻辑。
In the 1980s, especially during its middle periods, Chinese novels witnessed its rapid changes. It is caused by two factors, the trend from studying essays and poems in the 1930s and 1940s, and the vanguard novel. The literary form also changed in two aspects, surpassing plot mode, blurring or avoiding the ＂osten- sive＂ realism. The former showed the interruption of linear narrative, the appearance of plot novel and non- personalized character, the decreasing interests in shaping typical characters and describing typical circum- stances ; the latter referred to Mo Yan-alike feeling, Ma Yuan-alike narrative setting and Can Xue-alike dream- talking. The abandon of plots and blurring ＂ostensive＂ reference were mutually connected. Vanguard fiction was a kind of common formalism or art-based literary trend. While they climbed the novel and exquisite ladders along style-test ivory tower heading for cloud and mist, they had lost the vast space of reading. Novelists who chased their noble spirits had forgotten the audience of novel was the common. Although among the conflicts of novel style in the new periods, the trend of prose and poetry style was rising and booming, and also tended to follow the narrative and strict defense of fiction structure. Wang Anyi opposed note-type novels with little satis- faction to pose-like novels, and held that the grand and logical spirits would achieve the creation of fiction.
出处
《学术交流》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第7期5-17,共13页
Academic Exchange
关键词
小说体式
诗化小说
先锋小说
坚持小说的故事性
novel style
poetry-like novel
vanguard novel
adhering to the story plots of novel
