摘要
目的系统梳理中国医疗机构工作场所暴力相关的法律法规,并提出政策建议。方法以"工作场所暴力""医疗暴力""医疗纠纷""医患纠纷""医疗秩序"为关键词,对中国知网法律数据库、万方法律数据库、北大法意数据库和北大法宝数据库进行检索,收集法律法规、部门规章、地方性法规及政府规章等相关检索结果并汇总分析。结果我国共有8部法律、2部行政法规、2部部门规章及15个省级地方性法规规章规定了医护人员享有免受工作场所暴力的权利,构成了防治医疗机构工作场所暴力的法律基础。2009—2017年国家卫生和计划生育委员会会同多部门发布12个涉及维护医疗秩序的文件,从人防、物防和技防三方面强调了严厉惩治侵害医护人员人身安全的违法犯罪行为。但我国在防治医疗机构工作场所暴力的立法方面与国际比较尚有差距,表现在对工作场所暴力尚无协调一致的定义,无专门法律和配套的技术标准,精神暴力所造成的职业危害尚未纳入法律调整的范畴和国家职业病分类目录。结论应采取有效措施,开展防治医疗机构工作场所暴力专门立法工作,加强有关标准体系的制定、相关研究与国际交流等工作。
Objective To systematically analyze the related laws and regulations on workplace violence in Chinese medical institutions and provide recommendations for making policy.Methods The legal databases of CNKI, Wanfang, Lawyee and Pkulaw were retrieved by keywords including workplace violence, medical violence, medical dispute, doctor-patient dispute or medical order.The laws and regulations, department measures, local laws and government regulations were collected and systematically analyzed.Results In China, there are eight laws, two administrative regulations, two department rules and 15 provincial local laws and regulations stipulating that the healthcare workers enjoy the right to be free from workplace violence and constitute the legal basis for the prevention of medical violence in the workplace.During 2009-2017, the National Health and Family Planning Commission joints with multi-sector authorities have issued 12 notices related to the maintenance of medical order, from three aspects of human defense, physical defense and technical defense to vigorously emphasize the punishment of violent crime against personal safety of healthcare workers.However, compared to the international community, there is still a gap between China＇＇s legislation on the prevention and control of violence in medical workplaces, and there is no coherence in the definition of violence against the workplace.There are no specific legal and technical standards, and the occupational hazards caused by mental violence have not yet been included in the scope of legal adjustment and the national occupational disease classification directory.Conclusion Specific legislation on prevention and treatment of medical institutions workplace violence should be carried out by using effective measures.The establishment of standard system, the related research and international exchange should be strengthened.
出处
《中国职业医学》
CAS
北大核心
2017年第3期290-296,共7页
China Occupational Medicine
基金
国际劳工组织与中国性病艾滋病协会<改善医护人员工作条件>多期合作项目
职业健康风险评估与国家职业卫生标准制定项目(131031109000150003)
关键词
医疗机构
工作场所暴力
法律法规
系统梳理
Medical institution
Workplace violence
Laws and regulations
Systematic analysis
