摘要
为解决中国北方旱地谷子播种难、播后出苗率低的问题,根据谷子免间苗精少量播种农艺要求,采用农用保水剂和水配制了谷子种粒混合悬浮液(mixed suspension),并针对其设计试制了谷子精少量流体排种装置。该文设计确定了输送泵滚轮数为6个及分合式排种管组合结构与尺寸参数,其中泵管、长弯排种管、短弯排种管、末端排种管的内径分别为4.8、4、4、4 mm,长度分别为700、100、74.4、20 mm;并阐述了流体排种装置吸种、输种、排种工作过程。以种粒数变异系数为指标对配制的谷子种粒混合悬浮液的均匀性和稳定性进行了试验测定;以种粒破碎率、穴距合格率、穴粒数合格率、空穴率为指标对流体排种装置进行了室内排种试验;以穴距合格率、穴株数合格率、出苗率为指标进行了田间播种试验。结果表明,谷子种粒混合悬浮液中保水剂、谷子种粒、水的质量比为1.1∶10∶200,其静置0.5 h后种粒数变异系数为9.8%,谷子种粒混合悬浮液在静置5 h内的种粒数变异系数为9.7%~10.4%,谷子种粒未发生沉降现象;室内排种试验种粒破碎率小于0.01%、穴距合格率大于86%、穴粒数合格率大于75%、空穴率小于4.0%;田间播种试验穴距合格率大于77%、穴株数合格率大于74%、出苗率大于87%。该研究可为小颗粒种子精少量流体播种技术与装备的研发提供参考。
In order to solve the difficulties of sowing for foxtail millet and improve the low germination rate of millet after sowing in dry land of North China, we firstly studied the agricultural requirements of precision drill of millet without thinning out seedlings. We prepared a mixed suspension of foxtail millet using water and agricultural super absorbent polymers, because the agricultural super absorbent polymers can promote crop growth. We did some experiments to find suitable super absorbent polymers and the optimal proportion for mixed suspension according to the requirement of fluid seeding. At the same time we designed a kind of seed metering device by small-amount liquid for foxtail millet. This paper determined the number of rollers, dimension parameter and combination form of tube. It also expounded sucking seeds, delivering seeds and metering seeds of this seed metering device. This device consists of seed box, delivery pump, pump tube, three-way tube, long bent tube, end drainage tube and short bent tube. The function of delivery pump is providing power for the seed metering device, the function of three-way tube is dividing and combining the mixed suspension, the long bent tube or the short bent tube can improve the uniformity of seeding, and the end drainage tube can decrease every drop volume of mixed suspension to ensure that every drop has 2-3 seeds. Because the delivery pump has impulsive motion, we greatly reduced the impulsive motion of this device by using 6 rollers of.delivery pump and designing the structural style of tube, which has long bent tube, short bent tube, three-way tube and end drainage tube. The length of long bent tube is 100 mm, and the length of short bent tube is 74.4 mm. We also chose the material and diameter of tube. The material of tube is silica gel, which has the advantages of good elasticity and long service life. The diameter of pump tube, long bent tube, short bent tube and end drainage tube is 4.8, 4, 4 and 4 ram, respectively. Finally we designed and conducted the ex
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第12期20-27,共8页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0701801)
山西省科技攻关项目(20120311035)
关键词
农业机械
设计
试验
排种装置
播种
流体
谷子
保水剂
agricultural machinery
design
experiments
seed metering device
sowing
fluid
foxtail millet
super absorbent polymers
