摘要
详细介绍了近年来世界范围内PVC原料来源、特种PVC树脂的制备及应用、特殊性能PVC加工助剂的技术进展情况。包括:(1)以可再生资源甲烷作为氯乙烯生产的原料,使氯乙烯的制造成本仅为乙烯平衡氧氯化法的66.7%;(2)基于现有的氯乙烯聚合方法,通过添加高级醇促进剂,可明显缩短反应时间,降低单体残留量;(3)在氯乙烯聚合过程中加入硅氧烷,可得到具优异冲击强度、拉伸强度及耐热性能的PVC树脂;(4)在聚合反应过程中加入有机硅与有机膦酸酯复合消泡剂,消泡效果显著,且不影响树脂的透明度;(5)在PVC树脂中加入一种交联的聚合物纳米粒子,能够显著改善PVC树脂的加工性能和发泡性能;(6)将无毒内增塑剂聚己内酯用于增塑PVC,可使制品能够通过UL全部测试,可以用来替代昂贵的聚偏氟乙烯制作低发烟高压电线或电缆的绝缘护套;(7)泡沫成型性能优良的PVC树脂和高性能浸塑手套料的合成方法;(8)四羧酸酯增塑剂及核-壳结构丙烯酸酯冲击改性剂的制备方法及应用。
The worldwide technological developments in raw materials for PVC production, prepa- ration and application of special PVC resins, and special processing aids for PVC resins in recent years were introduced in detail, including the following： ①using renewable methane as raw materials to pro- duce vinyl chloride, which could reduce the prodution cost of vinyl chloride to 66.7 percent of that of balanced oxychlorination of ethylene; ② on the basis of available methods for polymerization of vinyl chloride, the reaction time could be significantly shortened and the residual monomer could be reduced by adding high alcohol accelerant; ③ PVC resins with excellent impact strength, tensile strength and heat resistance could be obtained by adding silicone during the polymerization of vinyl chloride; ④ adding or- ganosilicon and organophosphate composite defoaming agent during polymerization, good defoaming effects were obtained and the transparency of PVC resins remained unaffected; ⑤adding a kind of crosslinked polymer nanoparticles to PVC resins to significantly improve the processing performance and foaming properties of PVC resins; ⑥ using non-toxic polycaprolactone as internal plasticizer to produce PVC products, which could pass all the UL test and could substitute expensive PVDF to produce low smoke and high-voltage insulation jackets for wires or cables; ⑦ methods for the synthesis of PVC resins with excellent forming properties and for the materials for high-performance dip plastic gloves ; ⑧prepara- tion method and application of tetracarboxylate plasticizer and core-shell acrylates impact modifier.
出处
《聚氯乙烯》
CAS
2017年第6期1-4,14,共5页
Polyvinyl Chloride
关键词
PVC
生产技术
原料
聚合方法
分散剂
增塑剂
节能
PVC
production technology
raw material
polymerization method
dispersant
plasticizer
energy saving
