摘要
保护"自然面貌"曾作为19世纪后期英国的主导环境管理原则被长期推崇,但在实践中却引发了有违保护初衷的生态后果。这一原则是在自然神论、浪漫主义、博物学等因素的共同作用下形成的,其核心理念是"清除人为特征"和"保留自然之力"。这一原则有效地遏制了铁路公司在经济利益引诱下试图占用公地的商业活动,保护了埃平森林的生态面貌。但在经济增长模式、现代化思维与艺术价值观念变化的推动下,埃平森林中"修剪树冠"活动的废止导致古老的"牧草林地"景观从一个马赛克式的多样化生境逐渐退化成一个斑块化、孤立化、单一化的生境。因此,把人类视为有益生态演替中的一个积极因子并适当恢复其在生态网络中的活动至关重要。
Preservation of natural aspect was worshiped as a leading environmental management principle of Britain in the 19 th century for a long time, but it caused ecological consequence against the original intention. Under the factors of deism, romanticism, natural history, and then 'removing features of man's doing' and 'restoring power of nature' developed as the core of environmental management principle. The principle effectively restrained commercial activities of railway companies which attempted to enclose commons with economic interests, and the ecological aspect of Epping Forest was protected. However, under the impetus of economic growth pattern, modern thought and change views of artistic value, the ending of pollarding of Epping Forest led to old wood-pasture landscape degenerated from a mosaic habitat to a patch, separated and uniform habitat. Therefore, to perceive human as a positive actor in beneficial ecological succession and restore their activity in ecological network is vital importance.
出处
《学术研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第6期118-125,共8页
Academic Research
基金
“中国博士后科学基金第61批面上资助”项目(2017M611290)
