摘要
从经济社会结构的视角,中国农村可以分为东部农村和中西部农村两种理想类型。在农村工业化浪潮之下,东部沿海发达地区经济发展带来经济分化的同时,也形成了包括企业家阶层、中间阶层、中下阶层和贫弱群体等等阶层在内的社会分层,企业家阶层主导了村庄的政治社会发展态势。在劳动力大量进城务工经商的背景下,中西部农村形成了以代际分工为基础的半耕半工的家计模式,并呈现出外出务工群体、中坚农民阶层和贫弱农户之间的分层。中西部农村村庄内存在着一个去分化的机制,农户之间的分层并不明显。东部农村与中西部农村在分化结构上的差异,导致了两者在村庄治理基础及其发展趋势上的差异。东部村庄富人治村不可逆,富裕企业家之间的竞争与结盟决定了乡村治理的基本面貌。中西部农村中坚农民是主要的治理主体,治理则以保持基本秩序为目标。
In terms of the internal socioeconomic structure, villages in China could be divided into two lcteal types, which are the eastern villages and the midwest villages. The process of rural industrialization in the developed coastal regions in the east brings not only economic differentiation, but also social differentiation, which could be characterized by the formation of entrepreneur stratum, middle stratum, lower middle stratum and needy group. The entrepreneur stratum actually dominates the village politics. On the other hand, in the context of rural-urban migration, a livelihood model characterized by the ＂half-cultivator half-worker＂ family unit, based on the intergenerational division of labor, prevails in the midwest villages. There are mainly three stratums in these villages： the migrant worker group, the hardcore middle peasants and the under- privileged peasant group. The rural social differentiation in the midwest villages is not prominent, as there is an internal de-differentiation dynamics here. The disparity of differentiation dynamics between eastern villages and midwest villages results in the differences in social basis of rural governance, as well as the future trend of governance. In eastern villages, the trend of ＂village-governed-by-the-rich＂ is irreversible, and rural governance in such villages is largely shaped by the competition/alliance between the rich entrepreneurs. In contrast, the hardcore middle peasants are the subjects of rural governance in mideast villages, the objective of which is the maintenance of basic social order.
出处
《学术月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第6期111-119,共9页
Academic Monthly
关键词
村庄结构
经济发展水平
东部农村
中西部农村
village＇s structure, level of economic development, eastern villages, midwest villages
