摘要
在滨海盐碱地定点设置连续3年棉花秸秆还田和未还田2个处理,研究其对0~60 cm土层土壤理化性质和棉花产量的影响。结果表明,连续3年棉花秸秆还田显著降低0~30 cm土层土壤容重和0~10 cm土层<0.25 mm土壤微团聚体含量;显著提高0~10 cm土层>5 mm土壤大团聚体含量。在0~20 cm土层,3年秸秆还田显著提高棉花播前和各生育阶段土壤有机质、硝态氮、铵态氮和速效钾含量,平均分别比对照提高13.45%、18.57%、22.80%和22.57%;降低土壤速效磷和含盐量,平均分别比对照降低18.29%和16.59%。在20~40 cm土层,3年秸秆还田显著提高土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量,平均比对照提高37.20%和31.62%;显著降低土壤含盐量,平均比对照降低19.06%。在40~60 cm土层,3年秸秆还田显著提高土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量,平均分别比对照提高38.26%和24.83%。3年棉花秸秆还田分别比未还田显著提高棉花籽棉产量11.57%、19.01%和13.24%和皮棉产量18.56%、19.78%和18.73%,但对棉花单铃重和衣分无显著影响。
A continuous three-year field experiment of cotton-residue incorporation in coastal saline-alkali land was conducted,with two treatments： residue removal and residue incorporation. The successive cotton stalk returning significantly decreased soilbulk density in 0–30 cm soil layer and soil micro-aggregates with particle size 〈0.25 mm in 0–10 cm soil layer, while significantlyincreased the content of soil macro-aggregates with particle size 〉5 mm in 0–10 cm soil layer. Compared with the control （residueremoval）, the treatment of cotton residues incorporation significantly increased soil organic matter, nitrate nitrogen, ammoniumnitrogen and available potassium by 13.45%, 18.57%, 22.80%, and 22.57%, respectively, while decreased soil available phosphorusand salinity by 18.29% and 16.59% at pre-sowing and each growth stage in 0-20 cm soil layer. Soil nitrate nitrogen and ammoniumnitrogen were increased by 37.20% and 31.62% and soil salinity had a reduction of 19.06% after successive cotton stalkreturning for three years in 20–40 cm soil layer, and also significantly increased by 38.26% and 24.83% in 40–60 cm soil layer.Successive cotton stalk returning significantly increased seed cotton yield by 11.57%, 19.01%, and 13.24% and lint yield by18.56%, 19.78%, and 18.73% in three years, but not affected single boll weight and lint percentage.
出处
《作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第7期1030-1042,共13页
Acta Agronomica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31601253)
山东省现代农业产业技术体系(棉花)建设专项(SDAIT-03)
山东省农业良种工程项目(2013LZ
2014LZ)
山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2016CQ20)
山东农业大学盐碱地改良利用项目资助~~
关键词
棉花
秸秆还田
盐碱地
土壤理化性质
产量
Cotton
Stalk returning
Saline-alkali soil
Soil physical and chemical properties
Yield
