摘要
外泌体(exosome)是活细胞分泌的脂质双分子层结构的纳米级囊泡,内含多种DNA、RNA及蛋白质,广泛参与细胞间信息传递和物质交换等多种病理生理过程。外泌体不仅能够反映分泌细胞的生理状态和功能状态,而且在调控肿瘤的发生、发展、侵袭及转移中均能够发挥重要作用。卵巢癌、宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌等常见妇科恶性肿瘤的外泌体可在血液、阴道灌洗液、宫腔灌洗液等各种体液中获取,方法无创且提取的外泌体具有肿瘤细胞特异性,以此进行液体活检捕获肿瘤细胞外泌体来源的微小RNA(mi RNA)等,对肿瘤的早期筛查、确诊及疗效判定具有重要意义。此外,肿瘤细胞通过外泌体排出化疗药物,导致肿瘤对抗肿瘤药物耐药;反之,外泌体也可作为抗肿瘤药物新的给药途径,提高抗肿瘤药物治疗的疗效。
Exosomes are nano vesicles with lipid bilayer structures which are derived from live cells. With various DNAs, RNAs and proteins inside, exosomes are widely involved in many physiological and pathological processes, such as information transfer and material exchange between cells. They can not only reflect the physiological and functional state of cells, but also play important roles in the regulation of tumor occurrence, development, invasion and metastasis. Exosomes derived from malignant tumor cells such as ovarian cancer, cervical cancer and endometrial cancer can be extracted from blood, vaginal lavage fluid, uterine lavage fluid and other body fluids with specificity by none-invasion procedure and can be used to extract tumor exosomes derived miRNAs and other biomarkers with fluid biopsy. Exosomes are recognized as novel means in the early screening, diagnosis and curative effectiveness evaluation of gynecologic malignancies. Tumor cells can acquire drug resistance by excreting chemotherapeutics via exosomes. Also, exosomes can be used as new routes of administration and improve the efficacy of anti-tumor drugs.
作者
吴若愚
贾翔
曹忆梦
吴氢凯
WU Ruo -yu JIA Xiang CAO Yi-meng WU Qing-kai. Shanghai Jiao Tong(University Affiliated Sixth People＇s Hospital,Shanghai 200025, China Women and Childrenr s Health Care Hospital of Linyi,Linyi 276000, Shandong Province, China)
出处
《国际妇产科学杂志》
CAS
2017年第3期276-279,共4页
Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology
基金
国家自然科学基金(81550008)
