摘要
在全面提高开放型经济水平的背景下,需要深入分析对外贸易规模、外贸经济布局对环境影响的综合效应,全面探索对外贸易的环境效应规律。理论分析主要考察了对外贸易发展对环境影响综合效应的作用机制,在污染的需求和供给函数基础上,将环境因素分别引入对外贸易的生产者函数、消费者函数、政府税收函数,构建对外贸易环境总效应实证模型,模型分析表明,对外贸易对环境影响的规模效应体现为环境污染在不同禀赋和收入水平国家间转移;对外贸易对环境影响的结构效应体现为出口产品结构的改变,但是由于不同的比较优势,该结构效应在各经济体间的正负影响各不相同;资本积累会带来更多的污染,技术进步则会降低污染水平,二者相互作用究竟产生正面还是负面的影响效果,关键看资本积累和技术进步是否带来污染密集型产品的生产。同时基于我国29个省(市)的动态面板数据,实证检验了我国经济总量、外贸规模、外贸经济布局对环境影响的综合效应。研究表明,经济增长导致的收入效应和规模效应使污染物排放量呈现先下降然后增长的变化,而外商投资在短期内会增加环境污染,但从长期来看,正的技术效应使污染排放量呈现逐渐降低的趋势,同时受到产业结构的约束,外贸经济布局的产品效应及结构效应呈现显著的负效应。我国对外贸易对环境影响负效应产生的现实基础来源于我国的外贸结构与模式等特征的国情基础,改善我国的外贸对环境影响的负效应需要通过继续深化外贸体制改革,转变外贸增长方式,完善环境经济政策,加强国际多边合作等综合手段来实现。
Under the background of comprehensively improving the level of the opening-up economy, it is necessary to further analyze the comprehensive effect of foreign trade scale and foreign trade economy layout to environment, and explore the law of environmental effect of foreign trade. This paper theoretically focuses on the mechanism of how foreign trade development exerts its effects on environment. On the basis of supply and demand of pollution function, it respectively introduces environmental factors into producer function, consumer function, government tax function of foreign trade, and constructs the empirical model of total environmental effect of foreign trade. The model analysis shows that the environmental scale effect about the foreign trade is embodied in the environmental pollution that transfers between countries of different endowments and income level; the environmental structure effect about the foreign trade is embodied in the changes in the structure of export products, but due to the different comparative advantages, the positive and negative influences of the structure effect between economies are not identical; capital accumulation will lead to more pollution, technological progress will reduce the pollution level, and the key of whether it is a positive or negative impact on the interaction between two effects lies in capital accumulation and technological progress produce pollution intensive products. Based on the panel data of 29 provinces （municipalities） in China's Mainland, this paper uses the dynamic spatial econometric method to test the comprehensive effect. Research results show that, the income effects and scale effects of economic growth brought by pollution emissions decrease first and then increase; the foreign direct investment increases the pollution in a short term, but in the long run, positive technological effect will reduce pollution emissions gradually; at the same time by the restraint of the industrial structure, the product effects and structural effects of the foreig
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第4期87-94,共8页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家社科基金项目"基于灰色关联分析法的我国企业社会责任评价及推进机制研究"(批准号:12BGL050)
西南民族大学研究生学位点建设项目(批准号:2016-XWD-B0304)
关键词
对外贸易
环境影响
综合效应
动态面板
foreign trade
impact on environment
comprehensive effect
dynamic panel
