摘要
本科教学与科研的失衡是美国研究型大学一个持久的问题。对于这一顽疾,组织学至少有三种可能的解释:第一种观点认为这是美国研究型大学立式架构的组织缺陷,处于上层的研究生院必然会压制下层的本科生院;第二种观点认为大学是由学科和组织形成的矩阵结构,而研究型大学学科一维的拉力过强,组织无论怎么强调教学,都无法阻挡科研的冲击;第三种观点则是新制度主义的视角,强调美国研究型大学因寻求合法性,在社会观念、政府规制和同类院校的压力下,会制定一些平衡本科教学与科研关系的正式制度,但同时又采取一些非正式策略,虚化或悬置这些正式制度。
The imbalance in the relationship between undergrad uate teaching and research is a persistent problem of American research universities. There are at least three possible explanations. The first one lies in the organizational defects of American research universities featured by a vertical structure, with the graduate school at the top suppressing the lower undergraduate college. The second one lies in that university is full of matrices which are made up of disciplines and organizations, and the disciplinary dimension is stronger than the organizational one. The third one is a neo-institutionalism approach, maintaining that while American research universities tend to formulate institutions aimed at striking a balance between undergraduate teaching and research, they take informal strategies to nullify these institutions.
出处
《复旦教育论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第3期93-99,共7页
Fudan Education Forum
基金
国家社会科学基金教育学青年课题"大学科教融合的制度设计与实践策略研究"(CIA130169)
关键词
美国研究型大学
本科教学与科研关系
立式大学
矩阵组织
新制度主义
American Research University
Relationship between Undergraduate Teaching and Research
Vertical University
Matrix Organization
New Institutionalism
