摘要
2015年4月(枯水季)和8月(丰水季),调查了受不同城镇化强度影响的青海省湟水河上游流域的土地利用、水体的理化性质及底栖动物群落。并以城镇化强度指标的不透水地表面积比(PIA)与溪流水质和生物群落进行Spearman秩相关分析。结果表明:水温、TN、TP、NH+4-N、PO34-P、电导率、水深、水面宽、细砂淤泥比(%)与PIA呈显著正相关,与草地(%)、林地(%)呈显著负相关。底栖动物指标与PIA的拟合曲线表明,Shannon多样性指数、丰富度指数、集食者(%)、耐污类群(%)及BI指数存在显著的线性关系,其余各项指标则存在显著的非线性关系。其中总分类单元数、丰富度指数、水生昆虫中蜉蝣目Ephemeroptera、襀翅目Plechopetra和毛翅目Trichopetra(简称,EPT)(%)及捕食者(%)、撕食者(%)、滤食者(%)、刮食者(%)与PIA呈显著负相关,与林地(%)、草地(%)呈显著正相关。但BI指数、集食者(%)、耐污类群(%)、寡毛纲(%)、与PIA呈显著正相关。随着城镇化强度的提高,湟水河上游物理生境退化、水体氮、磷营养水平逐步提高、敏感底栖动物消失、耐污物种个体数量急剧上升。
In April （dry season） and August （rainy season） of 2015, land utilization, the physical and chemical properties of water, and the macrobenthos affected by the different intensities of urbanization in the upstream area of the Huangshui River were assessed. The indexes of the percentage of ground surface impervious area （PIA）, water quality, and biological communities under varying intensity of urbanization were studied using the Spearman rank correlation analysis. The results indicated that water temperature, TN, TP, NH4＋-N, PO43-P, conductivity, depth, width, and the fine sand/silt ratio were positively correlated with PIA and negatively correlated with grassland and forest land area. The fitted curve between the macrobenthos index and PIA indicated that there were significant linear relationships among the Shannon diversity index, richness index, collector （%）, stain resistance groups （%）, and BI index. Remaining indicators had significant nonlinear relationships. Total number of taxa, richness index, EPT （%）, predators （%）, shredders （%）, filterers （%）, and scrapers （%） were negatively correlated with PIA, grassland and forest land were positively correlated with PIA, as were the BI index, collector （%）, stain resistance groups （%）, and oligochaeta （%）. As physical habitat degraded, high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus lead to the disappearance of pollution-sensitive benthic invertebrates and a dramatic increase in pollution-tolerant individuals, which increased with the intensity of urbanization in the upstream areas of the Huangshui River.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第10期3570-3576,共7页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学地方基金资助项目(31560601)
青海省自然基金资助项目(2014-ZJ-905)
