摘要
为了研究不同牧草生长时期对草原放牧奶牛牧草采食量和营养摄取情况的影响,为优化补饲提供科学依据,试验采用饱和链烷烃技术测定了不同牧草生长时期(牧草生长幼嫩期、旺盛期和枯黄期)放牧奶牛干物质采食量(DMI)和干物质消化率(DMD),同时测定了牧草营养成分。参照中国奶牛饲养标准,分析了不同牧草生长时期奶牛营养盈亏情况。结果表明:与枯黄期相比,放牧奶牛干物质采食量和干物质消化率在牧草幼嫩期、旺盛期差异显著(P<0.05);奶牛采食到的营养水平在牧草旺盛期和幼嫩期与枯黄期相比均差异显著(P<0.05)。参照奶牛饲养标准,在现行载畜量和放牧强度下,放牧奶牛干物质采食量都不能满足,营养需要不同程度缺乏,尤其是牧草枯黄期全部营养都不能满足需要。说明草原放牧奶牛采食量和摄取营养情况受多种因素影响,准确掌握奶牛采食量情况对奶牛进行优化补饲和科学放牧管理十分重要。
The aim of the current study was to investigate estimation feed and nutritional intake of grassland grazing dairy cows during different herbage growth periods and provide scientific basis for optimizing the supplementary feeding. The n - alkane technique was employed to deter- mine dry matter intake （DMI） and dry matter digestibility （DMD） of grazing dairy cows during different herbage growth period （young, grow- ing pasture, and scorch pasture）. Moreover, grass nutrients were measured, respectively. The nutrient loss of the dairy cows during different herbage growth periods was analyzed according to the Chinese dairy farming standards. The results showed that for the dry matter intake and dry matter digestibility, there was a significant difference （ P 〈 0.05 ） between growing stage and young and scorch stage; for the nutrition ingredi- ents and the nutrition of feed dairy cows, there was a significant difference （ P 〈 0.05 ） between growing stage and young and scorch stage. Ac- cording the standards of dairy cow breeding standards, the dry matter intake of the grazing cows could not meet the standards under the current condition of grazing capacity and intensity, and there were different levels of lack of nutrition, especially in the scorch stage of the herbage when all categories of nutrients could not meet the need. These data demonstrated that the grassland grazing dairy cows feed intake and nutritional in- take were influenced by many factors. It is very important that accurately grasp the feed intake of the dairy cows should be confirmed; the dairy cows grazing supplementary feeding should be optimized; and the science management should be performed.
出处
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》
CAS
北大核心
2017年第6期117-119,共3页
Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine
基金
"十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目(CXJJ2007-2010)
关键词
草原
放牧奶牛
采食量
营养监测
饱和链烷烃
优化补饲
grassland
grazing dairy cow
feed intake
nutrition surveillance
n - alkane
optimization supplementation feed
