摘要
文书往来是外交交往的重要形式之一,为了维护国体,外交文书必须遵循一定的体例,中外皆然。晚清中英双方针对文书往来的体例、制度,进行了长时间的探索与交涉,从1834年"律劳卑事件"的爆发直至1880年《中外往来仪式节略》的出台才基本告一段落。英国驻华外交代表机关印信、公文的"中国化",指的是英方在与清政府的文书往来中,印信的使用、文书体例的选择等,从外在的文书格式到内在的文书话语体系遵循中国习惯、体制的现象。从本质上来讲,这种"中国化"现象的存在,并不是清政府羁縻政策的胜利,而是英国驻华外交官在挑战"天朝体制"的实践中,做出的实用主义的策略性选择。外交斗争的需要,迫使他们尽快适应中国的文化和体制,并在掌握乃至破解中国文书话语体系的基础上,建立其自身的话语和权威。
As one of the significant forms in diplomatic communication, all the diplomatic papers should follow a certain stylistic rules to maintaining the national dignity. The style and system of the diplomatic papers had always been negotiating since the eruption of the ＂William John Napier Affair＂ in 1834 until the issuing of the Memorandum of Diplomatic Protocol in 1880. The sinicization of official seals and papers of British diplomatic establishments in China means following Chinese custom and system in all British diplomatic documents in the aspects including the use, style, form, language system and so on. In essence, such ＂sinicization＂ phenomenon is not the victory of pacifying policy of Qing government but a strategic choice in pragmatism made by the British diplomats in their practice of challenging the ＂Heavenly Court system＂. The diplomatic struggles forced them to adapt Chinese culture and system as soon as possible and establish their own formats and authority based on the grasp and resolution of Chinese language system in the papers.
出处
《中国国家博物馆馆刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第5期124-139,共16页
Journal of National Museum of China
关键词
晚清
中英外交
中国化
印信
公文
文化适应
Late Qing Dynasty
Sino-British diplomacy
sinicization
official seal
official papers
cultural adjustment
