摘要
16世纪初至17世纪中后期传统上被认为是英国从封建主义向资本主义的过渡时期。由于各种原因,英国农民遭遇了较为普遍的失业和贫困,社会问题因之严重。济贫立法应运而生。以主体权利为视角思考,可以深入解读济贫法建构和实践动因。中世纪农民的主体权利主要由土地和劳动权利二元构成。中世纪晚期农民福利保障因土地权利的优化和劳动权利的改善而达到历史上的最好时期。过渡时期农民土地权利被剥夺,劳动权利无保障,主体权利结构解体,失业、贫困、流民等社会问题尖锐。英国政府通过济贫立法实践试图重构农民主体权利,以缓解社会矛盾,此时农民主体权利结构开始由二元结构向劳动权利为主的单一结构转变。
The early 16 th century to the middle and later periods of the 17 th century is traditionally considered as the British transition period from feudalism to capitalism. For various reasons,the farmers suffered from unemployment and poverty which led to serious social problems. The poor legislation came into being. The perspective of the subjective right can explain the construction and practice of the poor law. The subjective right of medieval farmers was binary composed of land right and the right to work. During the late medieval times,the farmer's welfare was greatly achieved in view of land rights best optimized and the improvement of the labor rights. However,during the transition period,such as the farmers' land rights deprived,labor rights unprotected and the structure of subject right collapsed,which leading to poignant social problems including unemployment,poverty,and refugee. The British government tried to reconstruct the subject right through poor legislation so as to ease social contradictions. since then the structure of subjective right characteristic of dual structure had transformed into the single structure dominated by the labor rights.
出处
《江海学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第3期174-181,共8页
Jianghai Academic Journal
基金
国家社科基金重大项目"欧洲社会福利制度构建的历史经验及其对中国的启示"(项目号:16ZDA141)子课题"欧洲社会保障制度的普适性问题"的阶段性成果
江苏省高校哲学社会科学基金项目"英国过渡时期失地少地农民福利保障研究"(项目号:2014SJB659)资助
