摘要
远程教育的现实发展高度依赖有效的网络学习环境,然而,当前网络学习环境设计多持"机械还原"取向,这导致网络学习环境不同程度地存在生态缺失的问题,严重阻碍了在线教育的可持续发展。基于深入调研与分析,发现网络学习环境生态缺失主要表现在开放性、互动性、适应性、进化性缺失四个方面;网络学习环境设计存在的"机械还原取向"表现为"物"化设计("物"化学习者与学习环境)、线性化设计(信息/知识的"传—受"式设计,"以管理为中心"的设计)、割裂化设计、静态化设计(重静态搭建、轻动态管理,重预设、轻生成,"一刀切"的设计)四个方面。生态学的"有机整体论"以其"开放、有活力、可持续进化、动态平衡"的观点,为变革传统的"机械还原"取向的网络学习环境设计提供了新的价值取向。在有机整体论思想指导下,网络学习环境设计的哲学起点转向生态主义的"互动整体论",系统观由静态化的机械系统转向以复杂联系、给养关系、生态平衡为核心特征的生态系统,设计观由割裂化的要素设计转向学习者与学习活动动态匹配的给养设计。
The success of distance education depends on effective online learning environments. However, traditional design of learning environments is often under mechanical reductionism, which caused the non-ecological problem of online learning environ-ments. Through depth research and analysis, the non-ecological problem of online learning environments can be summarized as the deficiency of openness, interactivity, adaptability, and evolvability. The mechanical design of online learning environments mainly re-flected in four aspects. First, treating learners and learning environments as static objects, not living organisms; second, treating learn-ing as “send-receive” linear process of information; third, separating learners and learning environment; fourth, ignoring the dynamic nature of learning and the personality of learners. Organic holism holds the opinion of “open, energetic, evolving, dynamic balance ”, which provides new value orientation for transforming traditional design of online learning environments. Under organism, the philo-sophical basis shift to ecologism, the system view shift from mechanical system to ecological system, the design view turn from design factors to design affordance.
作者
李彤彤
武法提
Li Tongtong Wu Fati(School of Educational Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387 Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875)
出处
《远程教育杂志》
CSSCI
2017年第3期62-70,共9页
Journal of Distance Education
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"创客教育教师专业化培养支持系统构建理论与实践研究"(项目编号:16YJC880036)
天津市教育科学"十三五"规划课题"数字化平台支持下的创客教师专业化培养模式理论与实践研究"(项目编号:CEYP5074)的研究成果
关键词
网络学习环境
生态
有机整体
给养
Online learning environments
Ecology
Organic holism
Affordance
