摘要
利用玉米秸秆生物炭,以日光温室黄瓜为试验对象,以土壤分别施入20、40、60 t/hm^2生物炭为处理,研究玉米秸秆生物炭施用对黄瓜根际土壤真菌群落和根系生长的影响及其机制。试验结果表明:土壤中生物炭施用量为20~60 t/hm^2时,在黄瓜结果期可不同程度提高根系数、根系体积和根系活力,显著提高真菌中子囊菌门和接合菌门的丰度,增加担子菌门、壶菌门和球囊菌门丰度而极大降低杂菌比例,明显提高子囊菌门Incertae sedis 27、毛壳菌科、小子囊菌科、毛球壳科、假散囊菌科等11个科以及接合菌门被孢霉科、球囊菌门球囊霉科、担子菌门粪锈伞科、壶菌门小壶菌科的丰度;生物炭处理土壤后,子囊菌门Incertae sedis 27、毛球壳科、假散囊菌科、黄丝菌科和接合菌门被孢霉科的真菌在促进根系生长方面的作用最为明显,主要通过根被组织聚集、促进根系对营养元素吸收、提高土壤中有机质和养分含量、促进土壤中有机物质分解等而最终有利于黄瓜的根系生长。综合分析认为,生物炭施用量20 t/hm^2处理效果最为明显,与对照相比,根系数、根系体积和根系活力分别提高20.52%、50.73%和16.11%。
The cucumber of solar greenhouse was selected to study the effect of biochar of corn straw on fungal abundance of rhizosphere soil and root growth of cucumber in fruiting period.The influence mechanism was found by the test.In the test,treatments were amounts of 20 t/hm^2,40 t/hm^2 and 60 t/hm^2 of biochar which were respectively applied to the soil of solar greenhouse.The results showed that root number,root volume and root activity were improved in various degrees,the fungal abundances of Ascomycota,Zygomycota were increased significantly,and the fungal abundances of Basidiomycota,Chytridiomycota and Glomeromycota were promoted but the proportion of hybrid bacterium was reduced greatly,when the amount of biochar was 20 - 60 t/hm^2 in fruiting period of cucumber.The results also showed that the fungal abundances of Incertae sedis 27,Chaetomiaceae,Microascaceae,Lasiosphaeriaceae,Pseudeurotiaceae,Onygenaceae,Gymnoascaceae,Nectriaceae,Incertae sedis 3,Cephalothecaceae,Coniochaetaceae,Mortierellaceae,Glomeraceae,Bolbitiaceae and Spizellomycetaceae were improved by the application of biochar.Results showed that the effect of biochar on promoting root growth was more obvious for the fungi of Incertae sedis 27,Chaetomiaceae,Pseudeurotiaceae,Cephalothecaceae and Mortierellaceae,and these fungi promoted the root growth of cucumber by means of organizing in the root,promoting root to absorb nutrient,increasing organic matter and nutrient content,and promoting the decomposition of organic material.By comprehensive comparison,the effect of application rate of 20 t/hm^2 of biochar was better than those of other treatments,and the treatment of20 t/hm^2 significantly improved the root number,root volume and root activity by 20.52%,50.73% and16.11%,respectively,compared with the test control in fruiting period of cucumber.
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第4期265-270,341,共7页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31660602)
关键词
黄瓜
生物炭
真菌丰度
根系生长
根际土壤
温室
cucumber
biochar
fungal abundance
root growth
rhizosphere soil
greenhouse
