摘要
作为社会主义市场经济改革的重要领域,房地产改革实现了中国城市社区从集体权属的单位社区向个人权属的居住社区的转变,也带来了国家、市场与社会关系的深刻变化。通过对上海市6个社区的实证研究发现,以居委会、物业管理公司和业主委员会为代表的国家、市场与社会力量构成了城市社区的多元权力格局。居委会的影响仍然存在,但在某些领域因为物业力量的延伸而出现空心化现象;物业公司以极具效率的市场化运作方式在社区运作中扮演着关键角色;业委会虽然成立的数量不少,但作用发挥依然有限。而在不同的城市社区中,上述权力格局也呈现出一定的差异性。低档社区市场力量较弱,往往承续着单位制传统,居委会扮演着权力格局的主导者;高档社区中,权力在很大程度上转移到物业管理公司,并且挤压社会力量的发展;中档社区则发展出一种碎裂化的相互制衡态势。在这种多元的权力格局中,政府行政力量如何有效释放,以及政府行政权力执行者的角色至关重要。而如何实现政府对社会管理行政权力结构的调整,并依据具体社会发展状况培育社会管理力量,使得市场与社会力量实现良性互动,是值得深入思考的改革方向。
As an important area of socialist market economic reform, real estate reform has undergone the change of Chinese urban community from the community of collective ownership to the residential community of individual ownership, and brought about profound changes in the relationship between the state, the market and the society. Through the empirical study of six communities in Shanghai, it is found that the state, market and society which are represented by neighborhood committees,property management companies and owners' committees constitute multi-power structure of urban communities. The impact of neighborhood committee still exists, however, because of the extension of the property, in some areas there exists a power vacuum. The property companies plays a key role in the community operation which is highly efficient and market-oriented. Although the number of established Owners' committee is not small, but the effecting is still limited. In different urban communities, the power pattern also shows a certain degree of difference. In the underdeveloped community, the market strength is weak, and it is often consistent with the tradition of unit system in which the neighborhood committee plays a small leader of the power pattern.In the developed community, the power was transferred to the property management company in a large extent, and thus squeezes the development of social power. In the middle-developed community, the power pattern goes to a fragmentation of the mutual checks and balances trend. In this plural power structure, what is essential is how to release the government administrative power effectively and determine the role of government executive power. What the government should do is to adjust the administrative power structure and cultivate the social management power according to the specific social development situation,and make the market and social forces to achieve benign interaction, which is the direction of reform worth thinking about.
出处
《甘肃行政学院学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第1期87-96,106,共11页
Journal of Gansu Administration Institute
关键词
市场化
社区权力结构
国家-社会关系
业委会
Marketization
Community power structure
State-Society relations
Owner committee
