摘要
[目的]为探讨4种植物壳纤维(花生壳、椰子壳、榛子壳、稻壳)成分和性能的差异,以及其替代木纤维作为木塑复合材料增强材料的可能性。[方法]对4种植物壳纤维进行成分分析和吸水性能测试,并对4种植物壳纤维进行傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和热重-差示扫描联用法(TG-DSC)分析,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察4种植物壳内、外表面微观结构。[结果]4种植物壳纤维均含有纤维素、半纤维素及木质素等成分,稻壳纤维素含量最高,为44%;4种植物壳纤维热分解过程基本相似,在280~365℃阶段,它们的失重均较大,稻壳剩余质量比最大,为32.31%,其具有最好的热稳定性;4种植物壳纤维均含有羟基,有一定吸水性,椰子壳纤维与稻壳纤维24 h吸水率较小,花生壳纤维24 h吸水率较大,4种壳的外表面均含有蜡质层。[结论]在4种植物壳纤维中,稻壳具有较好的力学性能、热性能和耐水性能,为木塑复合材料增强材料的优选材料,4种植物壳纤维与非极性塑料复合时要进行去蜡质层处理。
[Objectives] The objective of this research was to compare the differences of components and properties of four kinds of plant husk fibers（i.e.,peanut shell,coconut shell,hazelnut shell,and rice husk）,and the efficiency of plant husk fibers instead of wood fibers reinforcing wood plastic composite （WPC）.[Methods] The components and water absorption of four kinds of plant husk fibers were analyzed and tested.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） was used to characterize the chemical structure of these plant husk fibers.Thermal gravimetric analysis（TG）and the differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）were used to analyze the thermal properties of plant husk fibers.The microstructure of the internal and external surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscope （SEM）.[Results] The results showed that all the four kinds of plant husk fibers had the components of cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin,and the rice husk had the highest amount （44%） of cellulose among them.The four kinds of plant husk fibers had similar trends in pyrolysis process.The maximum degradation took place at the temperature from 280 ℃ to 365 ℃,and they all had great mass loss.The rice husk had the largest residual mass,which indicated the best thermal stability.The OH groups in the plant husk fibers endowed their hydrophilicity.The 24 h water absorption of peanut shell was the highest among them,while the coconut shell and the rice husk had relatively low 24 h water absorption.The internal and external surfaces of these plant husk fibers were all covered with wax layer.[Conclusions] The rice husk could be chosen as a better reinforcing material of WPC due to its relatively good mechanical properties,thermal stability and water resistance.Before compounding the plant fibers with non-polar plastics,the plant fibers should be proceeded with the treatment of removing the wax layer.
出处
《南京农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第2期359-365,共7页
Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University
基金
国家大学生创新训练计划项目(SRT)(201510307090)
关键词
植物纤维
成分
吸水性
热性能
plant fiber
components
water absorption
thermal properties
