摘要
以往中国宗族研究多从要素主义角度入手,或者突出若干项因素,或者仅注重一项因素,故有宗族是系谱性还是功能性之争论。前者把系谱当做唯一要素,后者把系谱连同祠堂、族产、组织等理解为构成宗族的诸平等要素。山东滕州闵楼村闵氏宗族自明朝中后期开基以来,在明清两代以迄民初,经历了从系谱宗族到实体性宗族的发育与演化过程。这一过程表明,不同历史阶段,农人在实践不同宗族概念:一种是系谱宗族,一种是实体性宗族(即功能宗族)。对于中国大部分地区的造族运动而言,一般是先造一个系谱宗族,待经济和社会地位等条件具备以后,就赋予其各种功能,从而变成具有实际作用的架构。系谱不应该被简单理解成一项造族因素。
In the past, many scholars studied Chinese lineage from essentialism, either highlighting a number of factors or only paying attention to a single factor. As a result, there was a kind of dispute on whether Chinese lineage is a genealogical group or a functional group. The genealogy theorists regarded the genealogy as the single factor of Chinese lineage, while the function theorists took genealogy, ancestral hall, lineage property and organization as important factors of Chinese lineage. The Min lineage established its inheritance in the mid-late Ming Dynasty and experienced a development and evolution process from genealogy lineage to entity lineage in the Ming and Qing dynasties and the early years of the republic of China, which shows that the peasants practiced different lineage concepts in different historical periods, namely, genealogy lineage and entity lineage （or function lineage）. The lineage movement in most parts of China usually follows the pattern that a genealogy lineage is set up first, and when it has economic conditions and social status, the lineage will be endowed with all kinds of practical functions. This case shows that genealogy should not be simply viewed as a factor of Chinese lineage, for lineage can exist and operate independently. In a sense, it is the lineage in a family tree.
出处
《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第2期35-43,共9页
Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
2011年度国家社会科学基金项目"16世纪以来黄淮平原上的联宗问题研究"(项目编号:11BZS072)的后续性成果
关键词
要素主义
系谱宗族
实体性宗族
essentialism
genealogy lineage
entity lineage
