摘要
粮食作为国计民生的物质基础,是立国之本,基于中国人口多、粮食需求量大等基本国情,必须守住"谷物基本自给、口粮绝对安全"的底线。依据各地区粮食(稻谷、小麦和玉米)生产量和消费量计算自给率变化,结果表明,2000~2014年,全国稻谷自给率呈"下降-上升"趋势,中南和东北地区及华东部分省份具有比较优势;小麦自给率呈"下降-上升"趋势,中南和华东地区具有比较优势;而玉米自给率始终总体呈"W"型趋势,东北、华北和西北地区优势较大。综合而言,东北、华东和中南地区在粮食自给方面优势较大,而华北、西南和西北地区粮食自给能力相对较弱,因而需要协调区域间利益,以保障国家粮食安全。
As the material basis of economic development and national independence, grain is the very foundation. Based on fundamental conditions of China cardinal number of population and food demand is bigger, etc, China must hold the bottom line that grain achieves basic self-sufficiency, and grain ration achieves security absolutely. According to production and consumption of regional food which refer to rice, wheat and corn here, the paper calculated the change degree of self-sufficiency ratio and came to the conclusion. During 2000-2014, self-sufficiency rate of rice and wheat showed a trend going upward after a decline across the country. Among them, south-central, northeastern regions and several provinces of east China had comparative advantages about rice, while the advantage of central south and east China about wheat was obvious. Simultaneously the overall trend of corn self-sufficiency rate appeared to be ＂W＂ and there had a comparative advantage in northeast, north China and northwest regions. Comprehensively, northeast, east China and central south region had a larger advantage in self-sufficiency, and north China, southwest and northwest self-sufficiency was relatively weak. Therefore, it is necessary to build interest coordination mechanism among the regions to ensure food security in China.
作者
曾福生
何友
ZENG Fusheng HE You(School of Economics, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China)
出处
《农业经济与管理》
2017年第1期25-35,共11页
Agricultural Economics and Management
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目(14ZDA041)
关键词
自给率
区域
主粮
粮食安全
self-sufficiency
region
main food
food security
