摘要
为了改善种床质量、提高播种分布直线性及播深一致性,通过"V"形种沟成因分析,设计了一种适用于大豆垄上双行种植模式的仿形滑刀式开沟器。该开沟器具有滑刀和仿形压土轮机构,可实现开沟、压沟和仿形功能,进而构建底部紧实、覆盖土壤松软的优良种床。通过土槽试验,以回土量为指标,采用响应面优化法分析得出最优参数组合,即载荷大小为689.66 N,开沟角度为40.43°,前进速度为2.12 m/s,开沟深度为51.62 mm。在最优工况下进行田间验对比试验,仿形滑刀式开沟器、双V型筑沟器、圆盘开沟器的横向偏移离散度分别为4.42、4.34、6.55,播深变异系数分别为6.06%、6.80%、11.52%,在50~75 mm土层开沟镇压后土壤紧实度分别为0.261、0.248、0.165 MPa,仿形滑刀式开沟器作业效果优于双V型筑沟器和圆盘开沟器,可以提高种床质量和播深一致性,且使种床紧实,利于种子出苗。
To improve the seedbed quality and enhance the even distribution of soybean seeds and the consistency of deep seeding in the field, and targeting the double-row high-yield planting techniques on soybean ridges, we manufactured the profiling sliding-knife openers that could dig out V-shaped seed furrows and function as single profiling based on a self-invented double-V shape opener. This new opener can build favorable seedbeds, thereby reducing variation coefficient of qualified grain space and variation coefficient of deep seeding and improving seeding quality. The profiling sliding-knife opener mainly functions to dig out V-shaped seed furrows, improve opener passing rate by holding blades, and guarantee the consistency of furrowing depths and the even distribution of seeds. The profiling sliding-knife opener is composed of connecting bar, soil-compressing profiling wheels, profiling device, squeezing knife, and sliding knife. Interaction mechanism between squeezing knife assembly and soil as well as force condition was illustrated, sliding-knife blade force and curve were analyzed, and structure of profiling compacting wheels and force condition were elaborated. Through soil-bin trials, a three-level four-variable central composite rotatable design was applied by Design Expert software. Based on the force analysis and the actual operating condition of machine, the furrowing angle, machine forward velocity, furrowing depth and pressure were selected as influence factors. And the test index was the quantity of backfill. Experiment data obtained were assessed by the analysis of variance （ANOVA） and the quadratic regression model was set up for optimization with response surface methodology. Through the lack of fit test of the regression model, the P value of lack of fit was 0.489 5, which was larger than 0.05. The determination coefficient and adjusted determination coefficient were close to 1, which indicated that the regression equation was precise and effective. The precision was 16.449 which was larger tha
作者
贾洪雷
郑嘉鑫
袁洪方
郭明卓
王文君
姜鑫铭
Jia Honglei Zheng Jiaxin Yuan Hongfang Guo Mingzhuo Wang Wenjun Jiang Xinming(College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China Key Laboratory of Bionics Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第4期16-24,共9页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
"十二五"国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2014BAD06B03)
吉林省科技发展计划项目(20140204050NY
20140441006SC)
关键词
机械化
优化
设计
仿形
开沟器
离散度
播深变异系数
mechanization
optimization
design
profiling
openers
mean absolute deviation
consistency of seeding depth
