摘要
利用1979-2014年欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)的ERA-Interim再分析资料,构建了一个能更有效反映季风演变过程的高原季风新指数(ZPMI),并与已有高原季风指数TPMI、DPMI和QPMI进行对比分析。发现TPMI反映的高原夏季风爆发和撤退的时间较ZPMI、DPMI提前1~2个月左右,ZPM I能更好的反映高原上季风降水的年变化和年际变化特征。而其冬季风和夏季风具有相似的年际、年代际变化特征,总体均呈现上升的趋势,且夏季风增强的趋势更显著。同时,ZPMI也能够较好的描述高原上的气象要素特征,即:在强季风年,高原中、东(西)部降水多(少),气温高(低);而弱季风年,则与之相反。高原晚春(4-5月)土壤湿度与当年高原夏季风存在显著的相关,当4-5月高原中部、东部地区土壤湿度偏大(小)、西部土壤湿度偏小(大)时,高原夏季风偏强(弱)。
The Plateau monsoon evolution is essential to synoptic climatology process over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Based on the European Centre for M edium-Range Weather Forecasts（ ECM WF） ERA-Interim reanalysis data from 1979 to 2014,a newPlateau M onsoon Index（ ZPM I） which could effectively quantify the monsoon evolution is constructed,and it is compared with the existing plateau monsoon indices TPM I,DPM I and QPM I.The results showthat,the onset and retreat time of the Plateau monsoon represented by TPM I is about 1 ~ 2months earlier than that of ZPM I,DPM I; and the ZPM I can better quantify the climatological monthly and interannual variations in precipitation over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. While the plateau summer and winter monsoons both have similar inter-annual and inter-decadal variation characteristics of a rising trend,and the increasing trend of the summer monsoon is more significant. And the ZPM I is also capable of effectively quantifying the meteorological elements. In stronger plateau summer monsoon years,more（ less） precipitation and higher（ low-er） air temperature appear over the eastern and central（ western） plateau,and vice versa. The summer ZPM I and soil moisture in April and M ay over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau are used to explore the influences of soil moisture on the Plateau monsoon,and a significant correlation was found between the soil moisture in spring（ April-M ay）over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and Plateau summer monsoon. It is found that when the soil moisture over the central and eastern Plateau is higher（ lower）,while the soil moisture over the western Plateau is lower（ higher）than normal,the Plateau summer monsoon may be stronger（ weaker）.
出处
《高原气象》
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第1期45-56,共12页
Plateau Meteorology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41530529
41375022)
中国科学院重点部署项目(KZZD-EW-13)
关键词
青藏高原
季风
高原季风指数
土壤湿度
The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
Monsoon
Plateau monsoon index
Soil moisture
