摘要
利用2000—2010年全国2195个国家站人工观测转为自动观测时期各站2年的资料,对2 min风向、风速进行对比分析,统计了人工与自动观测静风的差异,研究了引起差异的原因,并探索了年静风频率的应用方法。结果表明:全国人工观测的平均年静风频率为26.3%,自动观测为10.0%,平均风速越大,年静风频率越低,自动与人工观测的差异越小。湖北省平行观测期第一、第二年人工观测的平均年静风频率分别为29.1%、28.8%,自动观测较人工观测分别少18.1%和1 2.4%。造成该差异的主要原因是人工观测风速时,采取四舍五入保留整数位的方式,当风速<0.5 m·s^(-1)时记录为静风,而自动观测风速≤0.2 m·s^(-1)时记录为静风。评估湖北省平行观测期第二年自动与人工观测年静风频率差异,将自动观测静风按人工观测方式处理后平均年静风频率为22.8%,与平行观测期第二年人工观测的对比差为-6.0%,较订正前(-12.4%)有明显减少。
In 2000, the Automatic Surface Observation System （ASOS） was set up by China Meteorological Administration （CMA）, and several surface meteorological parameters started to be automatically measured. Because of the difference between manual and automatic observations, the 2 min wind data from 2195 meteorological observation stations from 2000 to 2010 are compared to analyze the difference between the two observation methods. The discrepancy of frequency of calm condition between manual and automatic observations is calculated, and its reason is studied. Meanwhile, the application method of annual frequency of calm condition is explored. The results indicate that the national annual mean frequency of calm is 26.3% by manual observation and 10.0% by automatic observation. The greater the average wind speed, the lower the frequency of calm, the smaller the difference between the two kinds of observations. During the two-year comparative observation period in Hubei, the annual mean frequency of calm by manu al observation in the 1st and 2nd years is 29.1% and 28.8% separately. However, the frequency of calm by automatic observation in 1st and 2nd years is 18. 1% and 12.4% lower than manual observation. The difference of instruments and observation methods both create the deviation. Manual observation takes the rounded to integer way, and only when the wind speed is less than 0.5 m·s^-1, the manual observation records calm. But because of the automatic equipment has higher precision, calm condition would be recorded when the wind speed is less than or equal to 0.2 m ·s^-1. The calm difference between automatic and manual observation in the 2nd year in Hubei is assessed. According to the artificial observation rules, and by reprocessing the automatic observation data to a manual dataset, the revised annual mean frequency of calm is 22. 8%, and its deviation from the average value by manual observation on the 2nd year is - 6.0 %, obviously smaller than the average data of original automatic observation.
作者
严婧
王海军
程亚平
焦俊芳
YAN Jing WANG Haijun CHENG Yaping JIAOJunfang(Hubei Meteorological Information and Technology Support Center, Wuhan 43007)
出处
《气象》
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第2期232-239,共8页
Meteorological Monthly
基金
气象关键技术集成与应用(重点)项目(CMAGJ2014212)
公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201106038)
湖北省气象局科技发展基金年轻科技人员专项(2016Q08)共同资助
关键词
自动观测
人工观测
静风观测差异
automatic recording, manual observation, calm observation difference
