摘要
拉斯韦尔是政策科学的鼻祖,他最先倡导"政策取向"的研究,这也使得政策科学成为一门独立的学科。他将政策过程作为政策科学研究的对象,并且认为通过知识改进政策过程可以从两个方面着手,一是提升政策过程的知识,二是提升政策过程中的知识。拉斯韦尔所设想的政策科学,具有四个独特的特征:情景性、问题取向、技术整合和独特的身份意识,这进一步刻画了政策科学的图景。正是这些设想,产生了广泛的争论。在这些争论中,至少存在三个方面分歧:政策科学是否应该遵循问题取向?政策科学是否应该实现民主价值?政策科学是否应该注重情景?拉斯韦尔的遗产和争论,对于建设有中国特色的政策科学有很重要的启示和借鉴意义。从拉斯韦尔的政策科学视野看,中国的政策科学至少应该在如下几个方面进行努力:政策科学回应中国发展战略、政策科学提升政策实践、政策科学知识体系建构、政策科学学科体系和人才培育、政策分析人员自身的身份认同。
Lasswell is the founding father of Policy Sciences. He is the first one to advocate the policy oriented research, which made the policy sciences an independent discipline. He proposed that the policy sciences should focus on the study of policy process, which is composed by the two types of policy process knowledge, namely the knowledge of policy process and the knowledge in the policy process. Lasswell considered that the policy sciences should have four distinguished characteristics： contextuality, problem orientation, distinctive synthesis of techniques, and distinctive identity Image. Also these imaginations about policy sciences produce some debates. Among them, there are three most important contentions： Should policy sciences pursue problem orientation？ Should policy sciences realize the value of democracy？ Should policy sciences focus on the context？ The legacies and debates of Lasswell have very important implications for the development of policy sciences of Chinese Styles. From the perspective of Lasswell＇s policy sciences, we should at least focus on the five aspects in the construction of Chinese policy sciences： linking the policy science with Chinese Development Strategy; coordinating the policy sciences with policy practices; constructing the knowledge of policy sciences; formulating the disciplines and talent cultivating systems; and enhancing the identity of policy analysts.
出处
《中国行政管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第3期137-144,共8页
Chinese Public Administration
基金
国家自然科学基金"地方治理体系与治理能力的影响因素
改革路径与治理效果"(编号:71633004)
中国人民大学"统筹推进世界一流大学和一流学科建设"专项经费(编号:15XNL001)
关键词
拉斯韦尔
政策科学
民主
问题导向
中国启示
Lasswell
policy science
democracy
problems orientation
implications for china
