摘要
为了在满足性能要求的前提下有效降低纯电动大客车车身骨架结构质量,减少客车行驶阻力,节省电耗、提高续航里程,进而提升整车的性能品质和市场竞争力,对客车车身骨架进行了轻量化多目标优化设计。建立了某纯电动大客车车身骨架结构的有限元模型,以客车车身骨架总柔度最小为目标,设计区域的体积为约束条件,设计区域各单元的相对密度作为设计变量,对车身结构的车顶骨架、车底骨架和左右侧围骨架进行了拓扑优化设计,并根据拓扑优化结果提取出了大客车车身骨架的拓扑结构。通过相对灵敏度分析,从21个设计变量中确定出13个对车身骨架性能不敏感但对减重较敏感的设计变量,然后以车身骨架质量M最小、一阶扭转频率Ft和弯曲频率Fb最大作为目标,以弯曲和扭转工况下车身骨架结构的静柔度Cb和Ct小于给定值作为约束条件,以相对灵敏度分析确定出的13个壁厚参数作为设计变量,用尺寸优化方法和多目标遗传算法(MOGA)对大客车车身骨架结构进行了轻量化优化设计,并在4种典型工况下对优化前后的大客车车身骨架结构的静、动态性能进行了分析对比。结果表明:所建立的纯电动大客车车身骨架拓扑优化方法、相对灵敏度分析方法与轻量化多目标优化设计方法有效,在满足大客车车身骨架结构性能要求的前提下,实现减重303kg,减重率为11%,轻量化效果显著。
In order to reduce the body frame weight, decrease driving resistance, save electric energy, and improve its mileage of pure electric large bus effectively on the premise of meeting the performance requests, to promote performance of bus and market competitiveness lightweight multi-objective optimization design for bus body frame was carried out by this paper. Following by the establishment of a pure electric large bus frame finite element model, topology optimization design for frame of the roof, the underbody and the left and right side panels was done, taking the minimum of the total compliance for bus body frame as objective, the volume of the design area as constraint and the relative density of the elements in the design area as design variables, and then topology structures of the large bus body frame was built according to the results of the topology optimization. 13 from the 21 design variables which were not sensitive to the performance of the body frame but sensitive to the lightweight were identified through relative sensitivity analysis. Then size optimization method and multi-objective genetic algorithm （MOGA） were carried out for the lightweight optimization design of the large bus frame structure, taking the minimum of the mass for body frame M, the maximum of the first-order torsional frequency Ft and bending frequency Fb as objective, the static compliance Cb and C, of the bus body frame in bending and torsional conditions as constraints, and the 13 thickness parameters determined by the relative sensitivity analysis as design variables. The static and dynamic performances before and after optimization of body frame structure were analyzed and compared under four typical working conditions. The results indicate that methods og topology optimization design for large bus body frame, relative sensitivity analysis, and lightweight multi- objective optimization design are effective. The mass of the optimized large bus body frame is significantly reduced by 303 kg, with weight reduction of 11% whi
作者
王登峰
毛爱华
牛妍妍
魏建华
师雪超
WANG Deng-feng MAO Ai-hua NIU Yan-yan WEI Jian-hua SHI Xue-chao(State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China Zhengzhou Yutong Bus Co. , Ltd. , Zhengzhou 450061, Henan, China)
出处
《中国公路学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第2期136-143,共8页
China Journal of Highway and Transport
基金
汽车轻量化国家重点实验室(筹)开放基金项目(20130301)
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFB0101601)
关键词
汽车工程
纯电动客车
多目标优化
轻量化
拓扑优化
相对灵敏度分析
automotive engineering
pure electric bus
multi-objective optimization
lightweight
topology optimization
relative sensitivity analysis
