摘要
自清朝建立,山西境内的边远山区和交通便利之处已有少量客民存在。光绪年间客民数量发生重大转折,人数不断增多。光绪初年"丁戊奇荒"人口锐减,土地荒芜。鸦片种植泛滥,吸食者日益增多,更使人地关系紧张。劳动力的严重短缺成为开垦荒地和恢复农业生产的障碍。因此,清政府采取优惠政策招徕外省民众前来垦荒。大批河北、山东等地的民众纷纷入晋,主要分布于晋南、晋东南、晋中地区,而晋北则较少。这些客民的到来弥补了山西劳动力的紧缺,促进了生产力的发展,对山西社会各方面都产生了深远的影响。
Since the establishment of the Qing dynasty, there is a few guest farmers exist in the Shanxi territory of romote mountain areas and convenient transportation. The number of the guest farmers underwent a new turn and increasing constantly during the reign of emperor Guangxu. In the early years of Guangxu, Ding Wu Shortage caused population decline and wasted the land. At that time,the biggest obstacle of the recovery of agricultural production is the shortage of labor. A thousand things wait to be done, therefore, the Qing government adopted preferential policies to attract other people to reclaim wasteland. A large number of refugees from I-Iebe, Shandong affected by root cultures,in order to survive, all came to Shanxi, which mainly exist in the south rather the north of Shanxi province,in- cluding southeast and middle area. The arrival of them makes it possible to make up the shortage of labor and promote the development of local agriculture,which have had a profound impact on all aspects of the society of Shanxi.
出处
《忻州师范学院学报》
2017年第1期64-67,共4页
Journal of Xinzhou Teachers University
关键词
灾荒
垦荒政策
客民
晋南
famine
preferential policies
guest farmer
south of Shanxi
