摘要
本文构建了一个引入多要素投入和中间投入品要素密度差异的一般均衡贸易模型,分析企业进口中间投入品及其产品转换行为对企业要素禀赋结构的影响。结论表明:高生产率企业更倾向于进口中间投入品;企业会根据中间投入品要素密度调整进口种类的数量与规模,发生产品转换行为;通过进口产品转换,中间投入品生产要素流动引起企业要素密度的变动,最终提升企业的要素禀赋结构。经验研究显示,进口中间投入品提升了企业资本密度大约40个百分点,进口产品转换则提升了企业资本密度大约26个百分点。企业通过进口的二元边际提升资本密度,但扩展边际的作用要大于集约边际。因此,通过进一步的贸易自由化、便利化,减少企业中间投入品进口及其进行产品转换的外部政策约束,将有助于提升企业的要素禀赋结构,并进而改善整个经济体的生产与贸易结构,最终推动中国贸易发展的转型与升级。
This paper investigates a lesser known effect of importing on firm performance：how a firm＇s import switching affects its factor intensity. Our analysis uses a large panel data set of China＇s manufacturing firms from2000 to 2006. We find that the average capital intensity of importers is significantly higher than that of non-importers. We also observed that most Chinese importers frequently experience product switching, which is defined as a new ＂ extensive＂ margin of firm adjustment and reassignment of resources in Bernard et al. （2010, 2011 ）. More importantly, our initial investigation shows that firms with import switching also have higher capital densities than firms without. What accounts for the increases in firms＇ capital intensity and the heterogeneous outcome sacross importers？ To answer the question, we construct a model with heterogeneity of productivity both in firms and intermediate inputs as in Halpern et al. （2011）. In this model, a firm＇s profitability depends on both its own productivity and the factor intensity of the intermediate inputs. Our model focuses on product switching as a driver of the observed change in firm factor intensity, which yields three main findings that are helpful in understanding importers＇ higher capital intensity. First, it reflects how firms make decisions on import switching according to their production efficiency and the comparative productivity advantage of intermediate inputs, which is related to capital intensity. High-productivity firms are more likely to experience product churning. Second, the factor density of imported varieties can affect firms＇ import gains, which results in product switching. Imports of high capital intensity products would bring larger gains. Third, the model reveals the improving effect of import switching on firms＇ factor endowment structures. Firms that have a huge increase in their capital-labor ratios replace low capital intensity intermediate inputs with high capital intensity imported varieties after p
出处
《经济研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第1期58-71,共14页
Economic Research Journal
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(71173238
71473272)
教育部新世纪创新人才支持计划(NCET-111-0746)
中南财经政法大学青年教师创新项目(2014022)的阶段性成果
关键词
进口
中间投入品
产品转换
要素密度
Importing
Intermediate Inputs
Product Switching
Factor Intensity
